I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets1．We use the word mother in formal English and mom in colloquial English, this refers to the ___ meaning of language.A. connotativeB. socialC. affectiveD. reflected2. The word “fast” can be associated with other words and these associations have different meanings. This is called the ___ meaning.A.connotativeB. associativeC. affectiveD. collocative3. “John married a blond heiress.” _______ “John married a blond.”A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes4. In general, women’s langua ge tends to be more______.5. The language of females is characterized by using__________.II．Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false:1. Sociolinguistics is the sub-discipline of linguistics that studies social contexts.2. Language use varies from one speech community to another, from one regional group to another, from one social group to another, and even from one individual to another.3. A person’s social backgrounds do not exert a shaping influence on his choice of linguistic features.4. Every speaker of a language is, in a stricter sense, a speakerof a distinct idiolect.5. The major difference between a pidgin and a creole is that the former usually has its native speakers while the latter doesn’t.6. Bilingualism and diglossia mean the same thing.7. Black English is the widespread and familiar ethnic variety ofthe English language.8. Idiolect is a personal dialect of an individual speaker thatcombines aspects of all the elements regarding regional, social and stylistic variation.9. Sense and reference are two terms often encountered in thestudy of meaning. They are two related but different aspects of meaning.10. There are generally three kinds of sense relations, namely, sameness relation, oppositeness relation and inclusiveness relation.III. Define the following terms1. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis2. Semantics3. Culture4. Sociolinguistics5.Register6．The Referential TheoryIV. Answer the following questions.1. What’s the theory of context of situation?2. Why do we say that a meaning of a sentence is not the sumtotal of the meaning of all its components?3. What is dialect? And how many dialects are there?The answer of the second question:The meaning of a sentence is not the sum total of the meaning of all its components because it can’t be worked out by adding up all the meaning of its constituent words. For example;(A)The dog bit the man.(B)The man bit the dog.If the meaning of a sentence were the sum total of the meanings of all its components, then the above two sentences would have the same meaning. In fact they are different in meaning.As we know, there are two aspects to sentence meaning: grammatical meaning and semantic meaning. The grammatical meanings of “the dog” and “the man” in (A) are different from the grammatical meanings of “the dog”and “the man”in (B). The meaning of a sentence is the product of both lexical and grammatical meaning. It is the product of the meaning of the constituent words and of the grammatical constructions that relate one word syntagmatically to another.I. Please judge what maxim the following statements seem to violate.1. Women are women.2. You are my sunshine.3. Buy one, get one4. A: Prof. Wang is an old bag.B: Nice weather for the time of year.5. A: Where were you last night?B: I went out.6. A: Did you get the milk and eggs?B: I got the milk.1.The four characteristics of implicature are _____.2.John Austin thinks that speech acts can be analyzed on 3 levels, that is, _________.3.________are the utterance which roughly serves to state a fact, report that something is the case, or describe what something is.4.The four categories of maxims of CP are _______.5.The significance of Grice’s C_______________ Principle lies in that it explains how it is possible for the speaker to convey more than is literally said.1. When any of the maxims underthe cooperative principle is flouted, _______ might arise.A. impolitenessB. contradictionsC. mutual understandingD. conversational implicatures2. Which of the following statements belongs to the content of the maxim of quantity under the CP?A. Do make your contributionmore informative than isrequired.B. Do not say that for which youlack adequate evidence.C. Do not say what you believe tobe false.D. Make your contribution as informative as required.。