2014年大学英语四级基础语法讲义8My shoes are worn out.My shoes are worn out.我的鞋穿破了。
Be worn out 表示“穿破了”，这个词组看起来是被动形式，但并不强调被动，强调的是状态或者情况，可以理解为形容词短语。
例如：My clothes are worn out and I have to mend them.我的衣服穿破了，我得补一下。
You see,this glass is broken.你瞧，这个杯子破了。
★You'd better buy a new pair.You'd better buy a new pair.你最好买一双新的。
A pair of…表示“一对”，“一双”，指一起使用的两个相同的东西。
例如：Have you bought a pair of shoes?你买了一双鞋吗？This pair of glasses is very good for me.. . . .这副眼镜我戴很好。
★That's a bit expensive.That's a bit expensive.价钱有点贵。
A bit 表示“一点儿”，“有些”，在句中作定语或者状语，相当形容词或者副词。
与a little 是同义词。
例如：It's a bit cold today;you'd better put on more clothes.今天有点冷，你最好多些穿衣服。
If you study a bit hard,you can pass the exam.如果你多一点努力学习，你就能考试及格。
Please give me a little water.请给我一点儿水。
★The shop was quite new,for it had opened only the week before.The shop was quite new,for it had opened only the week before.因上周才开的，所以商店很新。
For 表示“因为”，相当于because 和as.表明原因，三个词中，because语气最强，for 语气最弱。
For 表明的原因要写在后面。
例如：I want to go to bed,for I feel tired.我想去睡觉，因为我感到累了。
. . . ."Why didn't you come to school?""Because I was ill."“为什么你昨天没来学校？”“因为我病了。
”As it is raining,I am not going shopping.天下雨了，我就不买东西了。
★They were either too big or too small.They were either too big or too small.它们不是太大就是太小。
Either…or…表示“不是…就是…”，“或者…或者…”，可连接两个并列成分或句子。
例如：She is either Lucy or Lili.她不是露西就是莉莉。
Either you or I am wrong.不是你就是我错了。
★They were so pleased to see each other that they forgot everything else.They were so pleased to see each other that they forgot everything else.他们见面后太高兴了，以致于把一切事情都忘了。
So…that…表示“如此…以致于…”。
so 后面接形容词或副词，that 后面跟一结果从句。
例如：It's so cold that I have to put on more clothes.天太冷了，我不得不多穿衣服。
、. . . .英语四级语法真题训练之虚拟语气12013-09-01 2015考研考什么怎么考xa.tqkaoyan.太奇考研辅导权威优质师资,专业教学环境. 这里是太奇,不成功?很难想象!跨考教育全日制考研辅导vip.kuakao.2014冲击名校首选跨考380分保底通过率高零风险百度推广1. He must have had an accident, or he______ then.(90.1/51)A. would have been hereB. had to be hereC. should be hereD. would be her e2. It was essential that the application forms______ back before the dead l ine.(90.1/52)A. must be sentB. would be sentC. be sentD. were sent3. It is highly desirable that a new president_____ for this college.(90.6/ 59)A. appointedB. is appointedC. be appointedD. has been appointed. . . .4. If the earth suddenly_____ spinning, we would all fly off it.(90.6/61)A. stoppedB. had stoppedC. has stoppedD. would stop5. It was essential that all the necessary documents______ to the president’s office before the end of this month.(91.1/57)A. be handed inB. must be handed inC. should hand inD. had been handed in6. The traffic was very heavy, otherwise I______ here fifty minutes sooner. (91.1/59)A. would beB. should beC. would have beenD. had been7. I’m sorry Andy didn’t want to go the conference. ______ willing to go we would have paid all his expenses.(91.1/67). . . .A. BeingB. Was heC. Had he beenD. He had been8. The young driver looked over the engine carefully lest it_____ on the wa y.(91.1/69)A. goes wrongB. would go wrongC. went wrongD. should go wrong9.It was suggested at the meeting that effective measures_____ to solve the problem.(92.1/45)A. were takenB. be takenC. must be takenD. take10. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I______ to it.(92.1/59)A. have not goneB. did not goC. had not goneD. should not have gone答案：ACCAA CCDBC. . . .英语四级语法真题训练之虚拟语气22013-09-01 2015考研考什么怎么考xa.tqkaoyan.太奇考研辅导权威优质师资,专业教学环境. 这里是太奇,不成功?很难想象!跨考教育全日制考研辅导vip.kuakao.2014冲击名校首选跨考380分保底通过率高零风险百度推广11.It was proposed that the matter______ discussed at the next meeting.(92. 6/65)A. will beB. wasC. beD. would be12.He didn’t go to the party, but he does wish he______ there.(92.6/66)A. would beB. has beenC. would have beenD. had been13.______ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.(93.1/61)A. It were notB. Had it not beenC. Weren’t itD. Had not it been. . . .14.It’s necessary______ the dictionary immediately.(93.1/68)A. that he returnB. that he returnedC. that he will returnD. that he has to return15.Look at the terrible situation I am in ! If only I_____ your advice.(93. 6/70)A. followB. would followC. had followedD. have followed16.The manager of the hotel requests that their guests______ after 11:00 p. m.(94.1/65)A. not to play loud musicB. shouldn’t play loud musicC. don’t play loud musicD. couldn’t play loud music17.It is highly desirable that a new president______ to this college.(94.6/ . . . .54)A. appointedB. be appointedC. was appointedD. was been appointed18.The traffic was very heavy; otherwise I ______ here 50 minutes sooner.(9 4.6/61)A. would beB. should beC. had beenD. would have been19._____ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.(95.1/47)A. Not beingB. Had it not beenC. Without beingD. Not having been20.To be frank, I’d rather you______ i n the case.(95.1/61)A. will not be involvedB. not involvedC. not to be involvedD. were not i nvolved答案：CDBAC BBDBD. . . .英语四级语法真题训练之非谓语动词112013-09-01 跨考教育全日制考研辅导vip.kuakao.2014冲击名校首选跨考380分保底通过率高零风险2015考研考什么怎么考xa.tqkaoyan.太奇考研辅导权威优质师资,专业教学环境. 这里是太奇,不成功?很难想象!百度推广101.He wasn’t appointed chairman of the com mittee, _______ not very popula r with all its members. (02.1/44)A. consideringB. being consideredC. to be consideredD. having considered102.Contrast may make something appear more beautiful than it is when______ _ alone. (02.1/52)A. is seenB. having been seenC. seenD. to be seen103. Although a teenager, Fred could resist ______ what to do and what not to do. (02.6/45)A. being toldB. tellingC. to be toldD. to tell104.What a lovely party! It’s worth ______ all my life.(02.6/54)A remembering B. to remember C. to be remembered D. being remembered. . . .105.We left the meeting, there obviously _______ no point in staying.(02.6/58)A. wereB. beingC. to beD. having106.______ their work will give us a much better feel for the wide differen ces between the two schools of thought. (02.6/69)A. To have reviewedB. Having reviewedC. ReviewingD. Being reviewed107.Though _______ in a big city, Peter always prefers to paint the primiti ve scenes of country life. (0301/32)A. grownB. raisedC. tendedD. cultivated108.Apart from caring for her children, she has to take on such heavy _____ __ housework as carrying water and firewood.(0301/42)A. time-consumedB. timely-consumedC. time-consumingD. timely-consuming109.Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely _______ to the outside world.(0301/49). . . .A. having been lostB. to be loseC. losingD. lost110.Professor Wang, _______ for his informative lectures, was warmly receiv ed by his students.(0301/53)A. knowingB. knownC. to be knownD. having known答案：BCAAB CBCDB. . . .。