Central Nervous System
Imaging methods
Introduction to basics of X-ray, CT and MRI imaging
Introduction to advance imaging modalities such as diffusion,
➢ Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)
➢ MRI ➢ Contrast MRI ➢ MRA ➢ Functional MRI
➢ MR diffusion ➢ MR perfusion ➢ MRS(spectroscopy) ➢ function
imaging(Bold,DTI)
Introduction to Neuroradiology
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Objectives:
CNS Spinal cord Head and neck(The orbit, Ear, Nose,
Paranasal Sinuses, Throat and Neck)
上海交通大学医学院 附属仁济医院放射科
Post contrast scan ： scan after the IV injection of contrast media.
CTA artery reconstruction CT perfusion：to see the perfusion and
the micro circulation in the brain.
enhancement： homogeneous/heterogeneous/ring/none
ventricular system：edema/mass effect/encephalatrophy/hydrocephalus
skull： intracranial/extracranial
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上海交通大学医学院 11附属仁济医院m(frontal/occipital/ parietal/temporal lobe)
➢cerebellum
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contrast CT
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CTA
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CT
DSA
X-ray
MRI
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skull radiography: head injury/foreign bodies standard views: lateral; postero-anterior
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coronal/lambdoidal suture
sella turcica
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DSA
Internal carotid system Vertebrobasilar system
considered to be the golden standard of the
perfusion, MRA, MRV(venography), MR spectroscopy and
functional imaging
Normal findings
density/signal changes: iso/high/low/mixed
enhancement: homogeneous/heterogeneous/ring/none
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CT 3D reconstruction
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CT perfusion
CBV、CBF、MTT、PS
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signs on CT and MRI scanning:
density/signal changes: high/low/iso/mixed
Imaging techniques
➢ Plain radiography(X-ray)
➢ Plain film ➢ Digital subtraction
agiography(DSA)
➢ Computed tomography scanning(CT)
➢ No contrast CT ➢ Contrast CT ➢ CTA ➢ CT perfusion
cerebrovascular imaging
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Indications for X-ray exam:
evaluation of penetrating injury location of foreign bodies evaluate for presence of depressed bone
fragments evaluation of pituitary fossa
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Techniques for CT scanning
None contrast scan：transverse/axial ,scan begin from the canthmeatal line (CML), up to the top of the head, 8-10 mm thickness
CT scanning of the head is typically used to detect:
trauma: bleeding, brain injury and skull fractures
vascular lesions: a blood clot or bleeding after a stroke.
ventricular system
Diagnosis of common disease
Basic overview of hemorrhage, stroke, vascular malformation
and intracranial tumors.
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