2019届高三上学期英语期末考试试卷一、阅读理解1. 阅读理解HomeSchedulesFares & TollsMapsPlanned Service ChangesMTA InfoWhich Ticket Should I Buy? —Ways To SaveLong Island Rail Road offers you several ways to save on your commute, with a choice of ticket types and purchase options. How much you save depends on how often you take the train.One-Way TicketsBest for occasional riders. One-Way PeakPeak travel applies to all westbound weekday morning trains scheduled to arrive at western terminals between 6 AM and 10 AM. One-Way Off-Peak27% savings; not valid during Peak periods.Monthly TicketsValid for unlimited rides in calendar month. Best for daily commuters. SavingsSave approximately 50%Weekly TicketsValid for unlimited rides for 7days. Best for commuters who do not work a full calendar month due to vacations or business trips. SavingsSave approximately 30%Other Ticket Options: Include Family Fare of $1 each for up to four children per traveling adult ; and City Ticket, which allows for weekend travel within New York City for $4.25.Purchase Options: Monthly tickets can be purchased with Pay-Per-Ride and can be purchased through Mail & Ride,which provides an additional 2% savings on rail fare.Buy Before Boarding: Buying onboard is a cash-only transaction incurs an additional charge of $5.75 to $6.50. Save money by purchasing tickets at Ticket Offices, Ticket Machines or via MTA eTix®.（1）Which would best suit a visitor on a six-day trip in New York?A . A one-way ticket.B . A weekly ticket.C . A monthly ticketD . A City Ticket.（2）How can customers buy tickets with an additional discount?A . Onboard.B . Through Mail & Ride.C . With Pay-Per-Ride.D . Via MTA eTix®.（3）Where is the text probably taken from?A . A website.B . A newspaper.C . A magazine.D . A brochure.2. 阅读理解It is irrefutable: Parents, whotalk to, read and engage with their very young children as often as possible,help them build literacy skills at an early age.Also certain: Parents of very youngchildren usually have to do a lot of laundry. And low-income families tend tobring their kids with them to public laundromats .Those truths appear once a week at selectneighborhood laundromats in Chicago. That’s when librarians lay down colorfulmats and oversized board books beside the industrial washing machines.Insid e one of about 14 laundromats in thecity’s low-income neighborhoods, the librarians gather all available childrenfor LaundromatsStory Time , a Chicago Public Library program.With the noise of the washers and dryers,anywhere between a handful to more than a dozen children hear stories, singsongs and play games designed to help their brains develop. The event also aimsto instruct parents on how to repeat the experience for their kids, working toraise poor literacy rates in underserved communities.“We read books, we sing songs, we doplays,” says Becca Ruidl, the CPL’s STEAM Team early learning manager, whoruns the LST program. “We kind of keep it going so parents can walk in adnjoin in at any time. But a big part of what we do is model literacy skills forparents so they can do it at home with their kids.”While a laundromat seems an unlikely placeto engage with children, “we really wanted to meet people in the communitywhere they’re. “Ruidl says.And it clearly meets a need: Libraryofficials say the program is in increasing demand, while Ruidl says familieshave adjusted their household’s laundry day to suit the librarians’ laundromatvisits. At the same time, LST’s co-sponsors—including a laundry industry tradegroup and Libraries Without Borders, an organization fighting poverty throughliteracy—have worked with the CPL to draft an instruction handbook to helpexpand the concept to other U.S. cities.（1）What does the word “irrefutable” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A . Undoubtful.B . Controversial.C . Impossible.D . Fruitful.（2）Why are public laundromats chosen for LST?A . Parents of poor families do a lot of laundry.B . They offer a perfect atmosphere for learning.C . Poor parents often go there with their kids.D . Reading to kids promotes their literacy skills.（3）What can we infer about LST from the last paragraph?A . It is demanding.B . Its focus has been adjusted.C . It will fight poverty.D . Its concept will be spread.（4）What is the best title for the text?A . Literacy at the LaundromatB . Models of ParentingC . Laundromats for KidsD . Magic in Story Time3. 阅读理解Qing-Feng Steamed Dumpling Shop.Daniang Dumpling. McDonald’s. What do these companies have in common?Well, besides all being fast food chains, their logos are all red. And it’s not a coincidence. Color is one of the many that companies use to connect with customers. And if fast food wasn’t hard enough, those red logos mig ht make it even harder to ignore.The average human can see ten million colors, but red is special. It’s one of the first colors our ancient ancestors thought important enough to name. Early human languages were uncolorful. There were words for “black” an d“white” and “red” but not much else.As a result, we have a deeper connection to red than any other color and we react to it in certain ways that actually play to fast food companies’ advantage. For starters, researchers have found that red can cause a sense of urgency. On top of that, it also has an ability to whet our appetites. And when you pair those two together, you’ve got the perfect recipe to attract hungry customers who want food, fast.So the red logo isn’t just a welcoming sign. It’s a seduc tion for your brain. Now, it’s unclear why red makes us feel this way. But perhaps it has something to do with where the word comes from. Many ancient languages first named red from their word for “blood”. But red’s bloody beginning has transformed. During medieval times, for example, red was worn by royals as a status symbol. And today, brides in many parts of India are married in red dress.In fact, red is one of the few colors today that cultures all over the world view positively. And it’s no wonder c ompanies attach so much importance to their logos. After all, we’re a visual species. Despite having five senses, 80% of the information our brains process on a daily basis comes from our eyes. And according to marketing company WebPageFX, nearly 85% of consumers say the main reason they choose one product over the other is color.Just think what McDonald’s would look like in blue, green, or pink! It’s just not the same, right?（1）What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text?A . To introduce the origin of the color red.B . To describe the use of colors in marketing.C . T o explain why many fast food logos are red.D . To show how fast food companies attract customers.（2）What feeling will people probably have when seeing red fast food logs?A . Relaxation.B . Calmness.C . Eagerness.D . Contentment.（3）The two examples in Paragraph 5 are mentioned to show _________.A . the meaning of red has changedB . Indian people value redC . Red has something to do with bloodD . red indicates a high status（4）Why do companies pay much attention to their logos according to Paragraph 6?A . Logos convey their values.B . Logos awaken people’s senses.C . People process information daily.D . People largely rely on what they see.4. 阅读理解Cao Yuan, a PhD student from China, hadtwo papers published on strange behaviour in atom-thick layers of carbon thathave opened up a new field of physics.Pablo Jarillo-Herrero’s group at MIT wasalready layering and rotating sheets of carbon at different angles when Cao joined thelab in 2014. Cao’s job was to find out what happened when one graphene sheet was twisted only slightly wihtrespect to the other, which one theory predicted would thoroughly change thema terial’s behaviour.Many physicists doubted the idea. But whenCao set out to create thesubtly twisted stacks, he spotted something strange.Exposed to a small electric field and cooled to 1.7 degrees above absolutezero, the graphene—which ordinarily conducts electricity—became an insulator.That by itself was surprising. But the best was yet to come: with a slightchange to the field, the twisted sheets became a superconductor, in whichelectricity flowed without resistance.The ability to get atom-thick carbon into acomplex electronic state through a simple rotation now has physics demanding toengineer exciting behavior in other twisted 2D materials. Some even hope thatgraphene could shed light on how more-complex materials superconduct at muchhigher tempera tures. “There are so many things we can do,” says CoryDean, a physicist at Columbia University. “The opportunities at hand noware almost irresistible.”Hitting graphene’s “magic angle”—a rotationbetween parallel sheets of around 1.1°—involved some trial and error, but Caowas soon able to do it reliably. His experimental skill was extremelyimportant, says his supervisor Jarillo-Herrero. Cao pioneered a method oftearing a single sheet of graphene so that he could create a stack of twolayers, from which he could then fine-tune alignment .Cao loves to take things apart and rebuildthem. A heart, he is “a tinkerer”, his supervisor says. On his own time, thismeans photographing the night sky using homemade cameras and telescopes—piecesof which usually lie across Cao’s office. “Every ime I go in, it’s a hugemess, with computerstaken apart and pieces of telescope all over hisdesk,” says Jarillo-Herrero.（1）What is Cao Yuan’s achievement?A . Creating a method of piling carbon.B . Finding the superconductivity of graphene.C . Making equipment to twist graphene.D . Starting research on a new field of physics.（2）What do we know from Cory Dean’s words?A . The finding can be applied to all materials.B . It is certain that many new discoveries are on the way.C . The discovery suggests potential for other twisted 2D materials.D . Physicists have been pushed to find more atom-thick carbon layers.（3）What does Jarillo-Herrero think is key to Cao Yuan’s discovery?A . His method of tearing sheets.B . His knowledge of physics.C . His curiosity about graphene.D . His skill in experiments.（4）What can we infer about Jarillo-Herrero?A . He is an expert in telescope.B . He thinks highly of Cao Yuan.C . He appreciates messy offices.D . He follows Cao Yuan’s research.二、任务型阅读5. 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。