英语应用文写作1. Practical English Writing1.1 Email writing•Y ou email address should represent your identity in a way.•According to its subject and recipient it may concern, email can be written in a formal or an informal way.•Subject should not be blank and irrelevant to the body.•Some abbreviations are often used in email, such as BTW: by the way; CU: see you; F AQs: frequently asked questions; HTH: hope this helps1.2 Invitations2. Differences between Chinese and English Writings●Many differences between Chinese and English are rooted in the differences btw two cultures. Thewriting of different cultures will reflect the differences in thought patterns used by those cultures.●Great differences in diction, syntax & discourse organizationImprove the following sentences:1)Every country, big or small, has its unique culture.2)Don’t have a bad repairman fix your TV set; he may destroy it.3)The state government has tried its best to improve the living standard of the people.4)The trade relations between the two nations have much increased in recent years.5)Although he has worked hard at English for 8 years, there are also many difficulties in his Englishstudy.6)There may be other problems need to be solved.7)The teacher told us don’t be disappointed.8)While studying English, my mind often wanders.9)W e also need to read books which about the English grammar.10)They arrived at the station, find the train left.KEY:1)country/nation2)destroy/damage3)improve/raise4)increase/improve5)also/still6)...problems (which need )to be solved7)...told us not to...8)While I am studying.../ ..., I find my mind ...9)...need to read books (which are) on English grammar10)...and found that the train had left. / ...only to find ...3. DictionAppropriate diction requires a consistent style.Try to avoid mixing formal and informal language.For example:Please let me express my gratitude for having been a guest at your house last Saturday night. I had bags of fun that evening. (mixed)Revised:Please let me express my gratitude for having been a guest at your house last Saturday night. I enjoyed the evening enormously.3.2 Meanings of wordsdenotations, connotationspositive, negative, neutralFor example:•The speaker manipulated the members of the audience by presenting the evidence to refute their arguments.Revised:•The speaker convinced the members of the audience by presenting the evidence to refute their arguments.•Or: The speaker manipulated the members of the audience by presenting only the evidence that would disprove their arguments.3.3 Choice of words (To communicate, not to impress)For example:John displayed an element of delight over the acquisition of a stereo system of unquestionable quality. Revised:John was thrilled to buy a high-quality stereo system.4. How to write effective sentences4.1 UnityA unified sentence expresses a single complete thought. It does not contain ideas that are not closelyrelated, nor does it express a thought that is not complete by itself.Q: How to improve this:Getting married is easy, staying married is a different matter.1) A period:Getting married is easy. Staying married is a different matter.2) A semicolon:Getting married is easy; staying married is a different matter.3) A coordinating conjunction:Getting married is easy, but staying married is a different matter.4) A subordinating conjunction:Getting married is easy although staying married is a different matter.5) A semicolon plus a conjunctive adverb:Getting married is easy; however, staying married is a different matter4.2 CoherenceA sentence is coherent when its words or parts are properly connected and their relationship unmistakablyclear.4.2.1 Faulty parallel constructionsFaulty:A man is judged not only by what he says but also by his deeds.Revised:A man is judged not only by what he says but also by what he does.OR: A man is judged not only by his words but also by his deeds.4.2.2 Pronouns with ambiguous referenceFaulty:He was knocked down by a bicycle, but it was not serious.Revised:He was knocked down by a bicycle, but was not badly hurt.4.2.3 Dangling or misplaced modifiersFaulty:On entering the classroom, the students stood up and said, “Good morning!”Revised:When the teacher entered the classroom, the students stood up and said, “Good morning!”OR: On entering the classroom, the teacher was greeted by the students, who stood up and said, “Good morning!”4.2.4 Unclear or wrong connection between certain partsFaulty:I read an interesting story in a magazine about sportsmen.Revised:I read in a magazine an interesting story about sportsmen.OR: In a magazine I read an interesting story about sportsmen.4.2.5 Confusing shifts in person and number, or in voice, tense and moodFaulty:An important thing for the student to remember is that when writing a paper, you should not plagiarize.Revised:An important thing for the student to remember is that when writing a paper, he should not plagiarize.Faulty:Those who wish to take Writing are expected to sign his name on this sheet of paper.Revised:Those who wish to take Writing are expected to sign their names on this sheet of paper.Faulty:She reviewed the lesson taught last week and all the exercises assigned by the teacher were done.Revised:She reviewed the lesson taught last week and did all the exercises assigned by the teacher.Faulty:Students should learn to analyze and solve problems independently. Don’t rely on your teachers’ help.Revised:Students should learn to analyze and solve problems independently. They should not rely on their teachers’ help.4.3 Emphasis & 4.4 ConcisenessW ordy:1. In my opinion, I think your proposal is quite reasonable.Concise:In my opinion, your proposal is quite reasonable.I think your proposal is quite reasonable.W ordy:2. Mr. Brown usually likes to drink all kinds of wines that are produced in France.Concise:Mr. Brown prefers French wines.3. Eugene O’Neill was an American playwright, and he had an unhappy childhood, and he told the storyof his childhood in a play entitled A Long Day’s Journey into Night and he said it was written in tears and blood.Revised:Eugene O’Neill, an American playwright, told the story of his unhappy childhood in a play entitled A Long Day’s Journey into Night, which he said, was written in tears and blood.W ordy:4. Teenagers are pressured by school work. They are also encouraged by their peers. Under suchcircumstances, they resort to smoking. But sometimes they feel a little guilty.Revised:Pressured by school work and encouraged by their peers, teenagers resort to smoking, though sometimes they feel a little guilty.W ordy:5. If we are watching too much TV, our reading ability will be seriously affected.Revised:a. W atching too much TV will seriously affect our reading ability.b. W atching too much TV will have a bad effect on our reading ability.c. Heavy exposure to TV will exert a negative effect on our reading ability.4.5 V ariety4.5.1词的变化1a) This society still makes women unable to enjoy equal rights.b) W omen are still denied equal rights.2a) More and more students find learning English has become more and more difficult.b) Students in growing numbers find learning has become increasingly difficult.3a) Most students take a part time job after class.b) The vast majority of students take a part time job after class.4.5.2 句型的变化1a) Many Chinese people have gone to the United States in the past 15 years.b) The past 15 years have brought many Chinese people to the United States.2 a) Students should certainly make continuous efforts.b) Continuous efforts on the part of students are certainly required.3 a) W e easily drew the conclusion through the investigation.b) The investigation easily led us to the conclusion.4a) If you compare bicycles with cars carefully, you will find bicycles are superior to cars.b) Careful comparison of bicycles with cars will show the superiority of the former over the latter.4.5.3 巧用连接词•Natural resources are very limited．They will be exhausted in the near future．It is not true．But it becomes a major concern around the world．This is a widely accepted fact．•It is a widely accepted fact that there is a major concern around the world for the exhaustion of limited natural resources in the near future，though it is unlikely to be true．。