The Sentence Patterns of New Concept EnglishBook IIGrammer(语法)The Structure of the English Sentence:Subject Predicate Object Place Time.缩写：S. + P. + O. + P. + T.Predicates:I Link-verb(be<am / is / are; was / were; being; been:是>；look/sound/smell/taste/touch/feel) + Adj. ; Adv.; N./G. ; Prep.be + adj.Eg: The girl looks terrific when she wears the new dress.be + adv.Eg: be after => look for, hope to buybe away => be absentbe all over => finish, be finishedbe back => returnbe in => be at homebe on => be showingbe out => be away from homebe up => be awake and out of bedbe up to => be capable ofbe + n./G.Eg: I am Jone Smith.Eg: Her hobby is painting.be + prep.Eg: Susan looks like her mother.1. Simple Present Tense (一般现在时)含义: 表示a.经常, 反复和习惯发生的动作。
b. 表现在的特征、状态。
c. 表普遍真理。
构成: 肯定句: 否定及疑问句:V do(n’t) VVs/Ves does(n’t) V加’es’的规则: -s,-x,-ch,-sh,-ge + es读作<iz>. –o + es读作<z>.标记: ( 副词及时间状语)Adverbs:Always, usually, often, frequently, sometimes( Cf: some time <一段时间>, sometime <某个时间> , some times <几次>), seldom, hard ly …… ever, rarely, never.Timing adverbal phrases:Every week, at night, in the evening, on Monday, after reading books, before she reads books.a)What does she always do before going camping?b)Who learns math on Thursday?c)What do they often draw in the art room every week?d)Where does he sometimes have meals on Sunday?e)When does she usually play chess at home?f)How long does it take her to remember the words every day?表状态的词(它们通常都不表示具体动作)有：appear, appreciate, believe,feel, forget, hear, know, like, look like, notice, remember, resemble(像), see forget, hear, know, like, look like, notice, remember, resemble(像), see, think (that), understand, find, be. 这些词不能用于现在进行时。
表所属关系及喜好、憎恶、需要等感情的V也只用于一般现在时而不用于现在进行时。
这类词有：belong to, consist of, contain, desire, detest(厌恶、讨厌), dislike, hate, hope, love, matter(有关系，要紧), mean, mind, need, want, wish.2. Present Progressive Tense (现在进行时)不能用when向时间状语提问！！含义: 表示说话同时正在发生的动作或此时此刻正在发生的动作.构成: 肯定句: 否定及疑问句:be(am, is, are) + Ving be + not + Ving-ing 的规则:a) V. + ing b) V去掉末尾不发音的e+ing c) V双写尾音字母+ing 标记: ( 副词及时间状语)Now, at the moment, still, just, (look, listen)a)What are/is you/he doing now?b)Who is climbing hills now?c)What is she finishing?d)Where are they having meals?3. Present Perfect Tense (现在完成时)含义: a) 表示动作过去发生过去完成, 强调对现在的影响.b) 表示动作过去发生到现在并未完成, 还有可能延续下去. 其动词必须为延续性动词.构成: 肯定句: 否定及疑问句:have/has + done have(n’t)/has(n’t) + done标记: ( 副词及时间状语)Already, just, ever, never, recently, lately, many times, yet. (用于疑问句表示“已经‖;用于否定句表示“还‖), up to now, so far, by next month, by now, before, recently(最近一段时期).For + 时段Since + 时点a)What have you done since you’re in Grade f ive?b)Who has already finished doing homework?c)What have they drunk for tea recently?d)Where has she just eaten lunch?e)How long has Tina mopped the floor?4. Present Perfect Progressive Tense (现在完成进行时)含义: 表示尚未完成（即持续性）的动作.# learn, lie, live, rain, sleep, stand, study, wait & work本身就有持续性，因此它们的现在完成时与现在完成进行时可以互换。
唯一的区别是：现在完成进行时跟强调动作的持续性。
构成: 肯定句: 否定及疑问句:have/has been doing have(n’t)/has(n’t) been doing标记: ( 副词及时间状语)Omit （略）a)What has Nicholas been doing in the practicing room recently?b)Who has been preparing for the concert in the practicing room recently?c)What has Nicholas been preparing for in the practicing room recently?d)Where has Nicholas been preparing for the concert recently?Cf: 一般过去时与表确切的时间状语连用；而现在完成时与表一段时间状语连用，有时不需要用时间状语。
一般过去时和现在完成时既可以用表状态的v也可以用表行为的v。
现在完成进行时有时与一段时间状语连用，有时则与all + 时间n 连用，其v必须是行为v。
# all the/this/that time （一直地，经常）；all-time （空前的，创纪录的；全部时间的，专职的）；all day（整天）；all the day（整天地）。
5. Past Tense (一般过去时)含义: 表示过去发生的动作.构成: 肯定句: 否定及疑问句:Ved did(n’t) V标记: ( 副词及时间状语)Yesterday (morning), last night, the night before last, just now, five years ago, in 1999, the other day (a few days ago), this morning, once (曾经), recently (最近).a)What did she do last week?b)Who swam in the lake just now?c)What did they read in the Chinese class the day before yesterday?d)Where did mother have a picnic with the children last month?e)When did they go shopping last weekend?Cf: 一般过去时可以和现在完成时及过去完成时同时使用，它和一般现在时同时使用表示过去与现在的对比。
# 初次使用一般过去时要有明确的时间状语，随后的叙述则不一定使用。
6. Past Progressive Tense (过去进行时)含义: 表示过去某个时刻正在发生的动作或在过去的某段时间内持续发生的动作.构成: 肯定句: 否定及疑问句:be ( was, were ) + Ving be + not + Ving标记: (副词及时间状语)at this/that time last night, at 6 o’clock yesterday evening, when she cooked supper, while he was reading book, as / just as they had a picnic, all moring/day/evening/week yesterday.when, while & (just)aswhen 引导整个句子的时间状语从句，从句的动作比较短暂。