题型复习：
I . Choose the best answer. (每小题2分，本大题共30分)
1. __________ is defined as the study of the relationship between language and
society.
A. Psycholinguistics
B. Language acquisition
C. Sociolinguistics
D. Biolinguistics
2. Which of the following categories belongs to the lexical categories?
A. conjunction
B. determiners
C. verbs
D. prepositions
II. Fill in the blanks with a proper term. Initials have been given in each item. (每小题2分，本大题共20分)
1. M___________ is the study of the internal structure of words, and of the rules by
which words are formed.
2. V_______ are produced with little restriction of the airflow from the lungs out
through the mouth and or the nose.
III. Write phonetic description that corresponds to each of the following symbols. (每小题2分，本大题共10分)
[æ] low front lax (unrounded) vowel [tʃ] voiceless palatal affricate
IV. Using one or more of the constituency tests (i.e. stand alone, move as a unit, replacement by a pronoun, one-replacement), determine whether the boldfaced portions in the sentences are constituents and provide the grammatical category of the constituents. (每小题2.5分，本大题共10分)
1. I saw a dog in the room.
2. I send him a letter.
Answer:
1. I saw a dog in the room.
a dog—NP, a constituent
(1) stand-alone test: What did you see in the room ? A dog.
(2) Move as a unit test: A dog is what I saw in the room.
(3) pronoun test: I saw it in the room..
2. I send him a letter.
send him—not a constituent
(1) stand-alone test: What did you do? * send him. (* means wrong)
(2) Move as a unit test: * Send him is what I did.
(3) pronoun test: *I did a letter.
V. According to the X-bar schema, draw phrase structure trees for the following sentence, placing any adverb directly under AdvP without concern for the internal structure of the adverbial phrase. (本大题共10分)
）The tall man saw the girl in the street. (1个句子)
TP1
NP2T’3
Det4N’5T6VP7
The8+pst9
A10N’11V’12AdvP13
tall14N15V16NP17in the street18
man19saw20
Det21N’22
the23
N24
girl 25
or ) Whose name can he remember?
CP1
NP2C’3
4567
21
VI. Answer the following questions based on the data (of a new language) (每小题5分，本题共10分)
1) Are there are any minimal pairs in which these sounds contrast?
2) Are any non-contrastive sounds in complementary distribution?
1) a. [pand] and [band] are minimal pairs, so [p] and [b] are therefore distinctive
(contrastive).
b. [t] and [d] also contrast in [tent] and [tend] and are distinctive
2) a. [k] occurs before non-front vowels and [l], and never occurs before front vowels.
while [p] occurs only before front vowels and never before non-front vowels or [l]. so, [k] and [p] are in complementary distribution. [k] and [t] are
allophones of one same phoneme. They are non-contrastive sounds.
b. [s] occurs ….. while [z] occurs …. so, [s] and [z] are in complementary
distribution. [s] and [z] are allophones of one same phoneme. They are
non-contrastive sounds.
VII. The following are some forms in a language. Answer the following questions based on the data given below. (本大题共10分)
Sepkrad “they are glad”Hakrad “I’m glad”
Sepkradmo “they were glad”Hakradmo “I was glad”
Fikrad “he is glad”Fikradmo “he was glad”
1. What is the root morpheme for “to be glad”?
2. What is the morpheme for “past tense”?
3. If the root morpheme “to be angry” in the language is “vipiret”, what is the
expression for:
a. I am angry.
b. He was angry.
Havipiret. Fivipiretmo
End。