主谓一致姓 名：****** 班 级：英教七班学 号：**********“一致”指句子成分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。
主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”的方面的一致关系，这又叫“主—动一致”。
1. 指导原则三种不同的原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近原则1）语法一致主语和谓语动词之间的一致关系主要表现在“数”的形式上，即用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致。
如果名词中心词是复数，动词就该用复数形式；如果名词中心词不是复数，而是单数名词或不可数名词，动词便使用单数形式。
这种一致关系叫做“语法一致”。
Both boys have their own merits（优点）.Few students are really lazy.Many people want to go.Two girls were standing on the corner.Each boy has his own book.Either answer is correct.Much effort is wasted.2）意义一致和就近原则有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式，而是取决于主语的单、复数意义：比如有时主语在语法形式上并非复数，但有复数意义，随后的动词便用复数；反之，主语在语法形式上是复数，而在意义上可视为单数，随后的动词也用单数。
这种一致关系叫做意义一致。
The government have asked the country to decide by a vote.Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me.Fifty-six dollars was stolen from the cash register（现金出纳机）.有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语（主要指名词）的单、复数形式，这种一致关系所依据的原则叫做“就近原则”。
Either my brothers or my father is coming.Only one out of five were present.No one except his own supporters agree with him.Neither Julia nor I am going.2. 以-s 结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题1）以-s结尾的疾病名称和游戏名称有一些疾病名称是以-s结尾的：arthritis（关节炎）/ bronchitis（支气管炎）/ rickets（软骨病）/ mumps（腮腺炎）/ diabetes（糖尿病）/Generally, measles（麻疹） occurs in children.Measles are sometimes caused by a tapeworm（绦虫）.Rickets is / are caused by malnutrition（营养不良）.表示游戏名称的名词通常作单数用。
Darts（投标游戏）is essentially a free and easy game.Marbles （打弹子游戏）is one of the oldest of games and was not confined to children.也有个别表示游戏名称的名词作复数用：Cards （打纸牌）are not allowed here.当darts, marbles等用于做这些游戏所用的镖或弹子等意义时，其复数形式仍作复数用。
Three darts （三只镖）are thrown at each turn.Marbles （各种弹子）vary in kind and quality.2）以-ics结尾的学科名称某些以-ics结尾的学科名称，如physics（物理学），mathematics（数学），mechanics（机械学），optics（光学），acoustics（声学），politics（政治学），statistics（统计学），economics（经济学），linguistics（语言学）, athletics（体育学），tactics（兵法）等，通常作单数用。
Physics is an important subject in middle schools.Acoustics is the science of sound.Mathematics is the study of numbers.Tactics is an important study for the soldier.Athletics is a required course for students of all grades.如果这类名词表示“学科”以外的其他意义，便可作复数用：My mathematics（运算能力） is /are rather shaky.Athletics （体育运动）have been greatly promoted at this college.The tactics （策略）employed in this campaign were above reproach. The economics （经济意义）of the project are still being considered. 3）以-s结尾的地理名称有些以-s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States, the United Nations, the Netherlands等，尽管带有复数词尾，但系单一政治实体，故作单数用。
The United States is a country of people with varied origins.In early January 1976 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1953.若不是国名，而是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称，通常作复数用。
The West Indies（西印度群岛）, apart from the Bahamas（巴哈马群岛）, are commonly divided into two parts.The Himalayas（喜马拉雅山脉）have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life.The Straits of Gibraltar （直布罗陀海峡）have not lost their strategic importance.The Niagara Falls（尼亚加拉大瀑布）are perhaps the most famous waterfall in the world.4）其他以-s结尾的名词英语中有一些由两个部分组成的物体名称通常是以-s结尾，如scissors（剪子）, pincers（钳子），glasses（眼镜），shorts（短库），trousers（裤子），suspenders（吊裤带）等。
这一类名词，如果不带“一把”、“一副”、“一条”等单位词而单独使用，通常作复数。
The sugar-tongs are not in the sugar bowl.Joe’s new trousers are black and white.如果带有单位词，则由单位词的单、复数形式决定动词的单、复数形式。
One pair of scissors isn’t enough.Two pairs of pliers, one large and one small, are missing from my tool box.英语中还有一些以-s结尾的名词，如：archives（档案）, arms（武器）, clothes（衣服）, contents（内容，目录）, eaves（屋檐）, fireworks（烟火）, goods（货物）, minutes（记录）, morals（道德，品行）, remains（遗体）, stairs（楼梯）, suburbs（郊区）,thanks（谢意）, wages（工资）等，通常作复数。
The archives of this society are kept in the basement.The contents of this book are most fascinating.High wages often result in high prices.His thanks were most profuse.但也有少数这类名词作单、复数均可：His whereabouts were/ was known only to his personal staff.The dramatics （舞台艺术）of the performance were /was marvelous.凡是由-ings结尾的名词，如clippings（减下来的东西），diggings（掘出来的东西），earnings（收入），filings（锉屑），lodgings（租住的房间），surroundings（环境），sweepings（扫拢的垃圾）等。
通常用作复数。
The clippings of the hedges are usually burnt.The sweepings of the godown have been disposed of.例外，tidings（消息）既可作复数，也可作单数用：Good tidings have cheered them up.The tidings has come a little too late.还有一些-s 结尾的单、复数同形的名词，如barracks（营房）, headquarters（总部）, means（方法、手段）, series（系列）, species（种类）, works（工厂）等，随后动词的单、复数形式取决于这些名词是用作单数，还是复数。
A barracks was stormed（袭击） by the enemy troops.Two barracks in the suburbs（郊外） have been surrounded.A headquarters was set up to direct the operation（作战指挥）.Their headquarters are in Paris.The only means to achieve success is to appeal to arms（诉诸武力）. All means have been tried out to increase agricultural production.A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language lab use. There are two series of readers: one for beginners and one for advanced students.A new species of mammal has been found.Altogether, about 450 species of flatfish（比目鱼） are known.少数这类的名词用作单数和用作复数意义不同。