语法复习二、主谓一致语法复习二、主谓一致在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。
寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。
（一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：His faworkingarm. / To study English wellasy. / What he said is vant for us all. / The children wlawo hours ago. / Readingun is bad for you注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
如：What I bought wglish books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.2、由连接词and或both … and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。
如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised ward the news. / Band he areYoung P注意：① 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。
如：The writer and artist has come.; / ② 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, evan a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
如：Every student and every teacher wa/ No boy and no girl l、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather thaan, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。
如：Mr Ggether wwife and children, haa. / Nobody but Jim and Mike walayground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.4、ach, every 或no +单数名词和由some, avery构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is ma注意：① 在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。
如：Nxts is (are)g. ② 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。
如：None of us has (have) been to America.5、在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
如：Hds who are working hard. / Hlds who is working hard.6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。
这些词有family, class, crowdulation, audience等。
如：Class Foud floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a注意：people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。
如：The police are lookinglost child.7、由“a lot of, lla+ 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
如：There are a llla/ Tlecture is wonderful. / 50%udur class are girls.注意： a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“…的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。
8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
如：Tbus./wall are many pictures. / Suult. / Such aa （二）逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。
1、what, who, which, aall等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。
如：Wur bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Tuugw、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
如：“The Arabian Nights”is ag story-b、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。
如：One and a half apples is (are) labl、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。
如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eigv、一些学科名词是以–ics 结尾，如：mathemal以及news, works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
如：The paper works was buil0. / I’t eaud、trousers, glasses, cl等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
如：My glassesare broken. / The paunder the bed、“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。
（三）就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1、当两个主语由either …… nor, whether …or …ly … but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。
如：audents are our friends. / Nwholly right. / Iwholly right?2、there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。
如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。
如：There are two chairs and a d注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。
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