合成氨变换工段车间布置图 摘 要 变换工段是指一氧化碳与水蒸气反应生成二氧化碳和氢气的过程。一氧化碳变换既是原料气的净化过程，又是原料气制备的继续。目前，变换工段主要采用中变串低变的工艺流程。本设计针对中低温串联变换流程进行设计，对流程中各个设备进行物料、能料衡算、以及设备选型，并绘制了带控制点的流程图。

关键词：合成氨,变换,工艺设计，设备选型 30kt/a Retention Of Ammonia Synthesis Process Preliminary Design

Abstact

Transform section refers to the reactions that produce carbon dioxide

carbon monoxide and hydrogen and water vapor in the process. Carbon monoxide transformation is the gas material purification process, and the preparation of gas material to continue. At present, the transformation mainly by grow string sections of variable process low. This design of low-temperature series transformation process of process design, materials, each device can material calculation, and the equipment selection, and plotted take control in the flow chart and variable furnace equipment assembly drawing.

Keywords：ammonia, transformation, process design,equipment choice 目 录 摘 要 ............................................................................................................... Ⅰ ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... Ⅱ 1绪论 ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1前言 ...................................................................... 1 1.2 氨的性质和用途 ........................................................... 1 1.2.1 氨的物理性质 ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2.2氨的化学性质 ................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2.3氨的用途 ........................................................................................................................................ 2 1.3变换工艺原理 .............................................................. 2 1.4工艺条件 .................................................................. 3 1.4.1 压力 ............................................................................................................................................... 3 1.4.2 温度 ............................................................................................................................................... 3 1.4.3汽气比 ............................................................................................................................................ 4 1.5工艺流程确定 .............................................................. 4 1.5.1工艺流程简图 ................................................................................................................................ 5 1.5.2流程工序简述 ................................................................................................................................ 5 1.5.3主要设备的选择说明 .................................................................................................................... 5 2物料与热量衡算 ............................................................................................... 6 2.1已知条件 .................................................................. 6 2.2中变炉的物料与热量衡算 .................................................... 7 2.2.1水气比的确定 ................................................................................................................................ 7 2.2.2中变炉CO的实际变换率的求取 ................................................................................................. 7 2.2.3中变炉的物料衡算 ........................................................................................................................ 7 2.2.4对出中变炉的变换气的温度进行估算....................................................................................... 10 2.2.5中变炉的热量衡算 ...................................................................................................................... 10 2.2.6中变炉催化剂平衡曲线 ............................................................................................................... 11 2.2.7最佳温度曲线的计算 .................................................................................................................. 12 2.2.8 中变催化剂操作线的计算 ......................................................................................................... 13 2.3低变炉的物料与热量衡算 ................................................... 14 2.3.1低变炉CO的实际变换率的求取 ............................................................................................... 14