新世纪大学英语第四册第五单元语言点解析Language Points for Unit 51. publicity: n. public notice or attentione.g. We have planned an exciting publicity campaign with our advertisers.T:她的新剧作获得广泛宣传。
(=Her new play has attracted a lot of publicity.)Collocations:gain/get/receive publicity 取得名气；引人注目seek publicity 追求名气avoid public ity 避免引人注目extensive/wide publicity 广为宣传2. accompany: vt. go with someone or to be provided or exist at the same time as somethinge.g. Warships will accompany the convoy.He was accompanied on the expedition by his wife.3. adverse: a. having a negative or harmful effect on somethinge.g. So far the drug is thought not to have any adverse effects.T: 他的健康因气候影响而严重受损.(=His health was adversely affected by the climate.)CF: adverse, opposite & contrary这些形容词均含“相反的，对立的”意思。
adverse 通常指违害利益的、不友好的等，侧重分歧。
opposite 指位置、方向、行动或想法等完全相反。
contrary 一般指与某种主张、看法或行为等正好相反，隐含否定一方并不意味着肯定另一方的意味。
(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.(1) ______ to popular opinion, I don't dye my hair! (contrary)(2) They received a lot of ______ publicity/criticism about the changes. (adverse)(3) His political position is _______ to ours. (opposite)(4) She's turned out to be the exact _______ of what everyone expected. (opposite)(5) The match has been cancelled due to ______ weather conditions. (adverse)(6) My father is a very calm person, but my mother is just the _____. (opposite)(7) ______ to all our expectations, he's found a well-paid job and a nice girlfriend. (Contrary)4. chase: v. follow rapidly in order to catche.g. The police car was going so fast, it must have been chasing someone.She was chasing (after) a man who had snatched her bag.T: 他追赶窃贼却未捉住。
(＝He chased (after) the burglar but couldn't catch him.)Patterns:chase after fame 追求名望chase …out of 把……赶出5. ironic: a. using or expressing irony; full of ironye.g. It is ironic that although many items are now cheaper to make, fewer people can afford to buy them.T:发生这样的事情颇有讽刺意味。
(=This is a very ironic(al) thing to happen.)NB:ironic 是irony 的形容词形式，也可写为ironical，其副词形式为ironically, 意为“说反话地, 讽刺地”。
6. style: n. a way of doing something, especially one which is typical of a person, group of people, place or periode.g. His office is very special in style, with no decoration.T: 典型的英国生活方式(=a typically British style of living)Patterns:the latest style 最新款式in style 华丽地，时髦地lack style 缺乏风度7. portrait: n. a painting, photograph, drawing, etc. of a person or, less commonly, of a group of peoplee.g. She's commissioned an artist to paint her portrait/paint a portrait of her.T:(插入声音文件portrait)(=She had her portrait painted.)Collocations:make/paint a portrait 画肖像pose/sit for one’s portrait 摆好姿势让人画像a family portrait 全家画像a full-length portrait 全身像8. turn away: refuse to give one’s sympathy, help, or support toe.g. The civil administration promises that they would not turn away anyone who comes to therelief centre for help.T: 你怎么能对一个受虐待的孩子不闻不问呢？(=How can you turn away from the child that is being cruelly treated?9. momentary: a. lasting for a very short timee.g. There was a momentary pause.T: 瞬间的迟疑(=a momentary hesitation)10. fortune: n.1). a large amount of money, goods, property, etc.e.g. She inherited a fortune from her grandmother.(=She pursued her fortune in another country.)2). chance and the way it affects your lifee.g. The family's fortunes changed overnight.T:我们相信命运之神是会眷顾我们的。
(=We believe that Fortune is on our side.)CF: fortune, fate & luck这些名词均有“命运”或“运气”之意。
fortune 普通用词，指由机会或运气来决定的一种命运，如暗示一种比fate好的运气或一种愉快的未来。
fate较庄严用词，多指不幸的命运，暗示不可避免、令人畏惧和人的意志无法改变，宿命论色彩较浓。
luck 普通日常用词，指好的或坏的运气，多指好运气，有时也指成功或愉快的结局。
(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above.(1) He seems to have had a lot of bad_____ in his life. (luck)(2) We want to decide our own ______. (fate)(3) Her_____ varied but she never lost courage. (fortunes)(4) It was just ______ that I asked for a job at the right time. (luck)(5) He had the (good) _______ to train with some of the world's top athletes. (fortune)(6) His _____ is now in the hands of the jury. (fate)(7) A stroke of ____has fallen to him. (luck)11. sympathy: n. (an expression of) understanding and care for someone else's sufferinge.g. The president has sent a message of sympathy to the relatives of the dead soldiers. T: 他怀着恻隐之心, 留那些无家可归的孩子过夜。
(=Out of sympathy for the homeless children he gave them shelter for the night.)12) (L.27 Para.3) expectations: n. when you expect good things to happen in the futuree.g. I have high expectations for this job.(=His parents have great expectations for his future.)Collocations:beyond one’s expectations 出乎意料地have high/great expectations for 对……的厚望fall short of expectations 辜负期望13. inability: n. lack of ability to do somethinge.g. Inability to use a computer is a serious disadvantage when you are applying for jobs. T: 这些显示出地方政府在解决能源问题上的无能。