初三英语现在完成时湘教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：现在完成时1. 现在完成时的基本概念：现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但与现在情况有关系即用一个发生在过去的动作来说明现在的情况，现在完成时是现在时态。
2. 现在完成时的构成：现在完成时由助动词have（has）+过去分词构成。
规则变化的过去分词与动词过去式的变化一样，在动词词尾加-ed，不规则变化的过去分词见书后不规则动词表，现以动词work 为例，将现在完成时的肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句以及简略答语列表如下：肯定句否定句You/I have worked. You/I have not worked.He/She/It has worked. He/She/It has not worked.We/You/They have worked. We/You/They have not worked.一般疑问句简略答语Have you/I worked? Yes, you/I have. No, you/I haven’t.Has he/she/it worked? Yes, he/she/it has. No, he/she/it hasn’t.Have we/you/they worked? Yes, you/we/they have.No, you/we/they have not.注意：①助动词have、has可与前面的主语缩略为’ve或’s。
如：We’ve, they’ve, he’s, it’s。
②have not常缩略为haven’t，has not常略为hasn’t。
3. 现在完成时的用法：①表示过去发生或已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与下列时间状语连用already, never, ever, yet, just, before等。
如：我们在这儿建立了很多新工厂。
We have set up many new factories here.（现在这儿已有很多新工厂。
）—你吃晚饭了吗？Have you had your supper yet?—是的，我刚吃过。
Yes, I have. I’ve just had it.（现在不饿了。
）—你跟外国人说过话吗？Have you ever spoken to a foreigner?—不，从没说过。
—No, never.注意：already多用于肯定陈述句，但有时也可用于疑问句中，表示疑惑、出乎意料或惊讶。
如：两周前那个锅生了一个小锅，你已经忘记了？Two weeks ago, the pan had a baby. Have you forgotten already?②表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在，可能继续延续下去，也可能刚刚结束。
这时常和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用，表示持续动作或状态的动词，多是延续性动词。
如：他从1990年以来就一直当老师。
He has been a teacher since 1990.—你在北京有多长时间了？How long have you been in Beijing?—我在北京已有5年了。
I have been in Beijing for five years.注意：for和表示一段时间的词组连用。
如：for six hours（6个小时）for nine days（9天）for a year（一年）for twenty years（20年）since则和表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用。
如：since nine o’clock（自从9点钟以来）since last Friday（自从上个星期五以来）since three weeks ago（自从三周前以来）③现在完成时还可用在条件或时间状语从句中表示将来某时业已完成的动作。
如：我们会在这里等你写完信。
We’ll wait here until you’ve written the letter.在我学了两年后，懂的英语也许会更多些。
Pehaps I’ll know more English after I have learned it for two years.4. 非延续性动词在现在完成时中的用法英语中有一些动词所表示的动作刚一发生就结束了，这样的动词被称作瞬间动词，也叫非延续性动词。
这些动词虽可用于现在完成时，但不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
常见的这类词有come, go, leave, buy, borrow, die, begin, open等，如果句中有表示一段时间的状语，需将非延续性动词改为延续性动词，如：①他的父亲已经去世了。
His father has died.他父亲已去世三年了。
His father has been dead for three years.（√）His father has died for three years.（×）②他已经离开了他的家乡。
He has left his hometown.他离开家乡已经10年了。
He has left his hometown for l0 years.（×）He has been away from his hometown for 10 years.（√）③电影已经开始了。
The film has begun.电影已经开始了半个小时了。
The film has begun for half an hour.（×）The film has been on for half an hour.（√）如上所示，这类动词如要与表示一段时间的状语连用构成完成时，多数需用“have/has been+表语”（一般是用有关的形容词，副词或介词短语表示。
）5. have been to / have gone to的区别have/has gone to表示“已去某地”，人已离开，不在说话现场，所以第一人称（I、We）和第二人称（you）以及在说话现场的人都不能用这一结构。
have (has)been to表示“去过（某地）”，人已回来，是说话以前的动作，如：他刚才到哪儿去了？Where has he been?（表示他已经回来了。
）他到哪儿去了。
Where has he gone?（表示他不在这里。
）他去过上海两次。
He has been to Shanghai twice.（他已不在上海了。
）他到上海去了。
He has gone to Shanghai.（他可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，总之，现在不在这里。
）他去美国已有两年了。
He has been in the USA for two years.（已去美国，并且还在那里，因此不用have been to，也不用have gone to，而用have been in）他在这所学校已有10年了。
He has been in this school for 10 years.【模拟试题】（答题时间：25分钟）一、选择最佳选项填空：1. Linda often _______ her homework in the evening, but this evening she _______ TV.A. does; watchesB. is doing; is watchingC. does; is watchingD. is doing; watches2. Hurry up! The play ________ for ten minutes.A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. began3. —May I speak to Peter?—Sorry, he ________ Korea. But he _______ in three days.A. has been to; will come backB. has gone to; will be backC. has been in; could come backD. has gone to; won’t come back4. They won’t buy new clothes because they _________ money to buy a color TV set.A. saveB. are savingC. has savedD. were saving5. The traffic in our city is already good and it ________ even better.A. getsB. gotC. has gotD. is getting6. John and I ________ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ________ each other a couple of times before that.A. had been; have metB. have been; have metC. had been; had metD. have been; had met7. —Did he notice you enter the room?—I don’t think so. He ________ to the radio with his eyes shut.A. listenedB. was listeningC. has listenedD. had listened8. The plane _________ at 7:00 pm, so I have to be at the airport by 6:40 at the latest.A. has leftB. will have leftC. leavesD. left9. —Can you give me the right answer?—Sorry, I _________. Would you repeat that question?A. hadn’t listenedB. haven’t listenedC. don’t listenD. wasn’t listening10. I used to drink a lot of tea but these days I _________ coffee.A. preferB. preferredC. have preferredD. am preferring二、改错：1. Mr Green and his family have been to China for about ten years.2. The famous scientist has reached Beijing two months ago.3. Since he began to learn English, he has much difficulty in memorizing the new words.4. It was a long time since I met you at your sister’s.5. When have you turned off the TV?6. In the last few years, the villagers built two bridges over the rivers in my hometown.7. —Where are the Smiths?—They have been to England for their winter holidays.【试题答案】一、选择：1—5 CCBBD 6—10 DBCDA二、改错：1. to→in2. 去掉has3. has→has had4. was→is5. have… turned→did…turn6. built→have built7. been→gone。