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中山大学管理学院商务统计CH2
Numerical Data
Ordered Array
Stem-and-Leaf Display
Frequency Distributions and
Cumulative Distributions
Histogram Polygon Ogive
Chap 2-9
Organizing Numerical Data: Ordered Array
▪ An ordered array is a sequence of data, in rank order, from the smallest value to the largest value.
▪ Shows range (minimum value to maximum value) ▪ May help identify outliers (unusual observations)
Banking Preference?
ATM Automated or live telephone Drive-through service at branch In person at branch Internet
Percent
16% 2% 17% 41% 24%
Chap 2-4
Bar and Pie Charts
at branch
through
service at
branch
ATM
0% Automated
or live telephone
% in each category (bar graph)
Cumulative % (line graph)
Chap 2-8
Tables and Charts for Numerical Data
Business Statistics: A First Course
Fifth Edition
Chapter 2 Presenting Data in Tables and Charts
Chap 2-1
Learning Objectives
In this chapter you learn: To develop tables and charts for categorical
Used to separate the “vital few” from the “trivial many”
Pareto Chart For Banking Preference
100%
100%
80%
80%
60%
60%
40%
40%
20%
20%
0%
In person Internet Drive-
Banking Preference
Internet In person at branch Drive-through service at branch Automated or live telephone
ATM 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30velop tables and charts for numerical
data The principles of properly presenting graphs
Chap 2-2
Categorical Data Are Summarized By Tables & Graphs
Banking Preference
24%
16% 2%
17%
41%
ATM
Automated or live telephone Drive-through service at branch In person at branch
Internet
Chap 2-7
Organizing Categorical Data: Pareto Chart
Bar charts and Pie charts are often used for categorical data
Length of bar or size of pie slice shows the frequency or percentage for each category
Chap 2-5
Categorical Data
Tabulating Data
Summary Table
Graphing Data
Bar Charts
Pie Charts
Pareto Chart
Chap 2-3
Organizing Categorical Data: Summary Table
▪ A summary table indicates the frequency, amount, or percentage of items in a set of categories so that you can see differences between categories.
Organizing Categorical Data: Pie Chart
▪ The pie chart is a circle broken up into slices that represent categories. The size of each slice of the pie varies according to the percentage in each category.
Used to portray categorical data (nominal scale)
A vertical bar chart, where categories are shown in descending order of frequency
A cumulative polygon is shown in the same graph
Organizing Categorical Data: Bar Chart
▪ In a bar chart, a bar shows each category, the length of which represents the amount, frequency or percentage of values falling into a category.