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TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2018)-GRADE EIGHTTIME LIMIIT: 150 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]SECTION A MINI-LECTUREYou have THIRTY sec onds to preview the gap-filli ng task.Now liste n to the min i-lecture. When it is over, you will be give n THREE mi nu tes to check your work.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this secti on you will hear ONE in terview. The in terview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questi ons will be asked about what was said. Both the in terview and the questi ons will be spoke n ONCE ONL Y. After each questio n there will be a ten-sec ond pause. Duri ng the pause, you should read the four choices of A), B), C) and D), and mark the best an swer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY sec onds to preview the choices.Now, liste n to the first in terview. Questi ons 1 to 5 are based on Part One of the in terview.Now liste n to the in terview.A. Announ ceme nt of results.B. Lack of a time schedule.C. Slow ness in ballots coun ti ng.D. Directio n of the electoral eve nts.A. Other voices within Afgha ni sta n wan ted so.B. The date had bee n set previously.C. All the ballots had bee n coun ted.D. The UN advised them to do so.A. To calm the voters.B. To speed up the process.C. To stick to the electi on rules.A. Un acceptable.B. Un reas on able.C. I nsen sible.D. Ill con sidered.A. Supportive.B. Ambivale nt.C. Opposed.D. Neutral.Now liste ning to Part Two of the in terview. Questi ons 6 to 10 are based on Part Two of the in terview.A. En sure the gover nment in cludes all parties.B. Discuss who is going to be the winner.C. Supervise the coun ti ng of votes.D. Seek support from importa nt sectors.A. 36%-24%.B. 46%-34%.C. 56%-44%.D. 66%-54%.A. Both can didates.B. Electoral in stituti ons.C. The Un ited Natio ns.D. Not specified.A. It was un heard of.B. It was on a small scale.C. It was in sig nifica nt.D. It occurred elsewhere.A. Problems in the electoral process.B. Formati on of a new gover nment.C. Premature announ ceme nt of results.D. Democracy in Afgha ni sta n.[25 MIN]PART E READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this secti on there are three passages followed by fourtee n multiple choice questio ns. For each multiple choice questi on, there are four suggested an swers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you thi nk is the best an swer and mark your an swer on ANSWERSHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1) “ Britain ' s best export, ” I was told by the Department of Immigration in Canberra, “ is people. ” Close on 100,000 people have applied for assisted passages the first five mon ths of the year, and half of these are eve ntually expected to migrateto Australia.(2) The Australia n are delighted. They are kee nly ware that without a str ong flow of immigra nts into the workforce the developme nt of the Australia n economy isun likely to proceed at the ambitious pace curre ntly env isaged. The new min eral discoveries promise a sple ndid future, and the injecti on of huge amounts of America n and British capital should help to en sure that they are properly exploited, but with un employme nt in Australia dow n to less tha n 1.3 per cent, the gover nment is un dersta ndably an xious to attract more skilled labor.(3) Australia is roughly the same size as the con ti nen tal Un ited States, but has only twelve milli on in habita nts. Migrati on has acco un ted for half the populati onin crease in the last four years, and has con tributed greatly to the country ' s impressive econo mic developme nt. Brita in has always bee n the prin cipal sourceninety per cent of Australia ns are of British desce nt, and Britai n has provided one millio n migra nts since the Second World War.(4) Australia has also give n great atte nti on to recruit ing people elsewhere. Australia ns decided they had an excelle nt pote ntial source of applica nts among the so-called “ guest workers ” who have crossed their own frontiers to work in other arts of Europe. There were estimated to be more tha n four millio n of them, and a largenu mber were offered subsidized passages and guara nteed jobs in Australia. Italy has for some years bee n the sec ond biggest source of migra nts, and the Australia ns have also man aged to attract a large nu mber of Greeks and Germa ns.(9) Most British migra nts miss coun cil hous ing the Nati onal Health scheme, and their relatives and former n eighbor. Lon eli ness is a big factor, especially among housewives. The men soon make new friends at work, but wives tend to find it much harder to get used to a differe nt way of life. Many are housebo und because ofin adequate public tran sport in most outl ying suburbs, and regular corresp ondence with their old friends at home only serves to in crease their disc ontent. One housewife was quoted rece ntly as say ing: “I eve n find I miss the people I used toat home. ”(10) Rent are high, and there are long wait ing lists for Hous ing Commissi on homes. Sick ness can be an expe nsive bus in ess and the climate can be un expectedly rough. The gap betwee n Australia n and British wage packets is no Ion ger big, and people are gen erally expected to work harder here tha n they do at home.Professi onal men over forty ofte n have difficulty in finding a dece nt job. Above all, perhaps, skilled immigra nts ofte n finds a con siderable relucta nee to accept their qualificati ons.(11) Accord ing to the journal Australia n Manu facturer, the attitude of manyemployers and fellow workers is any thi ng but frien dly. “ We Australia ns, rece nt issue, “ are just too fond of painting the rosy picture of the big-heamted Aussie. As a matter of fact, we are so busy blowi ng our own trumpets that we havenot not time to be warm- hearted and con siderate. Go dow n -breaheOhety ” among some of the migra nts and find out just how expa nsive the Aussie is to his immigra nts.The Australia ns want a strong flow of immigra nts because .Immigra nts speed up econo mic expa nsionun employme nt is dow n to a low figureimmigra nts attract foreig n capitalAustralia is as large as the Un ited StatesAustralia prefers immigra nts from Britai n because .they are selected carefully before en trythey are likely to form n atio nal groupsthey are fond of livi ng in small tow nsIn explai ning why some migra nts return to Europe the author stresses their econo micmotives emphasizes the variety of their motives stresses Ion eli ness and homesick ness emphasizes the difficulties of men over forty which of the followi ng words is used literally, n ot metaphorically?“flow ” (Para. 2).CC ■ ■j_ ・injectio n” (Para.2).“ gravitate” (Para.5).“ selective ” (Para. 6).Para. 11 pictures the Australia ns as .un sympatheticungen erousun dem on strativeun reliablePASSAGE TWO(1) Some of the adva ntages of bili ngualism in clude better performa nee at tasks involving “ executive function ” (which invoIves the brain ' s ability to plar prioritize), better defe nse aga inst deme ntia in old age an d—the obvious—the ability to speak a sec ond Ian guage. One purported adva ntage was not men tio ned, though.Many multili nguals report differe nt pers on alities, or eve n differe nt worldviews, whe n they speak their differe nt Ian guages.(2) It ' s an exciting notion, the idea that one ' s very self could be broathe mastery of two or more Ian guages. In obvious ways (exposure to new frien ds, literature and so forth) the self really is broade ned. Y et it is differe nt to claim—asmany people do—to have a differe nt pers on ality whe n using a differe nt Ian guage. A former Econo mist colleague, for example, reported being ruder in Hebrew tha n in En glish.So what is going on here?(3) Benjamin Lee Whorf, an America n lin guist who died in 1941, held that each Ian guage en codes a worldview that sig nifica ntly in flue nces its speakers. Ofte n called“ Whorfianism ” , dleis has its sceptics, but there are still good reasons to believe Ian guage shapes thought.(4) This in flue nee is not n ecessarily lin ked to the vocabulary or grammar of a sec ond Ian guage. Signi fica ntly, most people are not symmetrically bili ngual. Many have lear ned one Ian guage at home from pare nts, and ano ther later in life, usually at school. So bili nguals usually have differe nt stre ngths and weak nesses in their differe nt Ian guages—a nd they are not always best in their first Ian guage. For example, whe n tested in a foreig n Ian guage, people are less likely to fall into acog nitive trap (an sweri ng a test questi on with an obvious-seem ing but wrong an swer) tha n whe n tested in their n ative Ian guage. In part this is because work ing in a sec ond Ian guage slows dow n the thinking. No won der people feel differe nt whe n speaki ng them. And no won der they feel looser, more spontan eous, perhaps more assertive or funnier or blun ter, i n the Ian guage they were reared in from childhood.(6) Many bili nguals are not bicultural. But some are. And of those bicultural bili nguals, we should be little surprised that they feel differe nt in their two Ian guages. Experime nts in psychology have show n the power of smalpurniogceci —factors that can affect behavior in big ways. Aski ng people to tell a happy story, for example, will put them in a better mood. The choice betwee n two Ian guages is a huge prime. Speak ing Spanish rather tha n En glish, for a bili ngual and bicultural Puerto Rica n in New York, might conjure feeli ngs of family and home. Switchi ng to En glish might prime the same pers on to thi nk of school and work.(7) So there are two very good reas ons (asymmetrical ability, and prim ing) that make people feel differe nt speak ing their differe nt Ian guages. We are still left with a third ki nd of argume nt, though. An econo mist rece ntly in terviewed here at Prospero, Atha nasia Chalari, said for example that:Greeks are very loud and they in terrupt each other very ofte n. The reas on for that is the Greek grammar and syn tax. When Greeks talk they beg in their senten ces with verbs and the form of the verb in cludes a lot of i nformatio n so you already know what they aretalki ng about after the first word and can in terrupt more easily.(8) Is there somethi ng in tri nsic to the Greek Ian guage that en courages Greeks to in terrupt? People seem to enjoy telli ng tales about their Ian guages' in here nt properties, and how they in flue nee their speakers. A group of French in tellectual worthies once proposed, rather self-flatteri ngly, that French be the sole legalIan guage of the EU, because of its supposedly unm atchable rigor and precisi on. Some Germa ns believe that freque ntly putt ing the verb at the end of a sentence makes the Ian guage especially logical. But Ian guage myths are not always self-flatteri ng: many speakers thi nk their Ian guages are unu sually illogical or difficul—wit ness the plethora of books along the lines of "Only in En glish do you park on a driveway and drive on a parkway; En glish must be the craziest Ian guage in the world!" We also see some un surpris ing overlap with n atio nal stereotypes and self-stereotypes: Fren ch, rigorous; Germa n, I ogical; En glish, playful. Of course.A. Pers on ality improveme nt.B. Better task performa nee.C. Change of worldviews.D. Avoida nee of old-age disease.17. Accord ing to the passage, that Ian guage in flue nces thought may be related to .A. the vocabulary of a sec ond Ian guageB. the grammar of a sec ond Ian guageC. the improved test performanee in a second IanguageD. the slowdow n of thi nking in a sec ond Ian guage18. What is the author ' s response to the question at the beginning of Para. 8?A. It ' s just one of the popular tales of national stereotypes.B. Some properties in here nt can make a Ian guage logical.C. Germa n and French are good examples of Whorfia ni sm.D. There is adequate evide nee to support a positive an swer.19. Which of the followi ng stateme nts concerning Para. 9 is correct?A. Ms. Chalari ' s theory about the Greek Ianguage is well grounded.B. Speakers of many other Ian guages are also prone to in terrupti ng.C. Grammar is unn ecessarily a con diti on for cha nge in pers on ality.D. Many unrelated Ianguages don ' t have the same features as Greek.20. In discussing the issue, the author ' s attitude isA. satiricalB. objectiveC. criticalD. ambivale ntPASSAGE THREE(4) "Well, young lady," observed the old gen tlema n, I ooki ng at her somewhat kin dly, "what is it you wish?"(5) "I am, that is, do you--I mea n, do you n eed any help?" she stammered.(6) "Not just at prese nt," he an swered smili ng. "Not just at prese nt. Come in some time next week. Occasi on ally we n eed some on e."(7) She received the an swer in sile nee and backed awkwardly out. The pleasa nt n ature of her recepti on rather ast oni shed her. She had expected that it would be more difficult, that someth ing cold and harsh would be said--she knew not what. That she had not bee n put to shame and made to feel her unfortun ate positi on, seemed remarkable. She did not realize that it was just this which made her experie nee easy, but the result was the same. She felt greatly relieved.(9) An office boy approached her.(10) "Who is it you wish to see?" he asked.(11) "I want to see the man ager," she retur ned.(12) He ran away and spoke to one of a group of three men who were con ferri ng together. One of these came towards her.(13) "Well?" he said coldly. The greeti ng drove all courage from her at on ce.(14) "Do you n eed any help?" she stammered.(15) "No," he replied abruptly, and turned upon his heel.(16) She went foolishly out, the office boy defere ntially swi ngi ng the door for her, and gladly sank into the obscuri ng crowd. It was a severe setback to her rece ntly pleased mental state.21. She quicke ned her steps because she .A. was afraid of being see n as a stra ngerB. was in a hurry to leave the districtC. wan ted to look like some one work ing thereD. wan ted to apply at more factories that day22. Why didn ' t she enter Storm and King the first time?A. She was too timid to en ter the buildi ngB. Two men stopped her at the entranceC. Several pedestria ns had found her stra ngeD. The messe nger had closed the door behi nd him23. What does “ every foot of her progress being a satisfactory porti on of a flight which she gladly made ” mea n accord ing to the con text (Para.2)?A. She thought she was maki ng progress in job search.B. She was glad that she was look ing for a job.C. She found her experie nee satisfactory.D. She just wan ted to leave the place.24. Why did she feel greatly relieved (Para.7)?A. She eve ntually man aged to en ter the buildi ng.B. She was kin dly received by the clerk.C. She had the courage to make an inquiry.D. She was promised a work positi on.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this secti on there are eight short an swer questi ons based on the passages in SECTION A. An swer each question in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE25. What do “ promise ” and “ should ” in Para. 2 imply about author Australia ' seconomy ?26. Explain the meaning of“ the growth of national groups ” according con text (Para. 7).PASSAGE TWO27. Expla in the meaning of“ The choice betwee n two Ian guages is a huge primeaccord ing tothe con text (Para. 6)28. What reas ons does the author give to explai n why people feel differe nt whe n speak ing differe nt Ian guages ?29. What does the author focus on in the passage?PASSAGE THREE30. Select and write dow n at least THREE words or phrases in Para. 1 describ ing the girl ' s inner feelings while walking in the streets looking for a job.31. Expla in the meaning of “ So severe a defeat told sadly upon her n erves. accord ing to the con text (Para. 2).The passage contains TEN errors. Each in dicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. I n each case, only ONE word is invo Ived. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the followi ng way:For a wrong word,un derli ne the wrong word and write the correct one in the bla nk provided at the end of the line.32. Inwhat doesIt was a severe setback to her rece ntly pleased men tal state. her rece ntly pleased mental statePART III LANGUAGE USAGE [15 MIN]For a miss ing word,mark the position of the missing word with a A ” sign and write the word you believe to be miss ing in the bla nk provided at the end of the line.For an unn ecessary word,cross the unnecessary word with a slash “ / ” and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen A art museum wants a new(1) anexhibit,it n ever buys thi ngs in fini shed form and(2) neverhangsthem on the wall. Whe n a n atural historymuseum⑶ exhibitwants an exhibiti on, it must ofte n buildit.Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET THREE as instructedPART IV TRANSLATION [20 MIN]Tran slate the un derli ned part of the followi ng text from Chin ese into English. Write your tran slatio n on ANSWER SHEET THREE文学书籍起码使我们的内心可以达到这样的三感：善感、敏感和美感。