英国文学作品与作家一、Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1343~1400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。
代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。
)The father of English poetry.Writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.作品：① <The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English②<Troilus and Criseyde>特罗勒斯与克丽西德③ <The House of Fame>声誉之堂④<The book of the Duchess>公爵夫人之书⑤<The Parliament of Fowls>百鸟议会二、William Shakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616l playwright,poet评价comments：Widely regarded as the greatest writer in English literatur e莎士比亚同时代戏剧家本·琼森（Ben Johnson）--他不属于一个时代，而是属于。
（He was not of an age, but for all time.）作品：①Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; He nry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII②Four Comedies: <As You Like It>皆大欢喜; <Twelfth Night>第十二夜; <A Midsummer Night’S Dream>仲夏夜之梦; <Merchant Of Venice>威尼斯商人③Four Tragedies: <Hamlet>哈姆莱特; <Othello>奥赛罗; <King Lear>李尔王; <Macbeth>麦克白④Shakespeare Sonnet :154 <The Sonnets>Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg三、Francis l Bacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626Bacon’s quote1、 knowledge is power 知识就是力量。
2、 Beauty is as summer fruits, which are easy to corrupt, and cannot last; and for the most part it makes a dissolute youth, and an age a little out of countenance 美犹如盛夏的水果，是容易腐烂而难保持的，世上有许多美人，她们有过放荡的青春，却迎受着愧悔的晚年。
3、 Natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.天生的能力好像天然生成的植物，必须通过学习加以修整；然而学习本身如若不由实践去约束，必然方向纷杂而漫无目的。
4、 Virtue is like a rich stone, best plain set 美德好比宝石，在朴素背景的衬托下反而更华丽。
评价⏹∙the founder of English materialist philosophy.⏹∙The founder of modern science in England.⏹∙a representative of the English renaissance.⏹∙a well-known philosopher, scientist and essayist.Bacon’s works establish and popularize an inductive methodology f or scientific inquiry, often called the Baconian method. In duction（归纳法）implies drawing knowledge from the natural world through ex perimentation, observation, and testing of hypotheses.（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。
）Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern s cience. The first English essayist.n马克思称他为“英国唯物主义及现代实验科学之父”Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and e nriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to man’s reason.作品：①<The Advancement of Learning>学术的推进，总结了前人的一切知识，并进行归类。
②<Essays>随笔③<new instrument>新工具，阐述了归纳法④<new Atlantis>新大西岛，是乌托邦性质的作品十七世纪英国诗人John Donnethe Metaphysical poet(17世纪玄学派诗人)⏹∙English poet, preacher⏹∙He was the most outstanding of the English MetaphysicalPoets作品：⏹∙Songs and Sonnets 《歌与十四行诗》The Flea 《跳蚤》The Good-Morrow 《早安》Break of Day《破晓》⏹∙Epithalamions, or marriage songs 《颂歌》⏹∙Elegies 《挽歌》On His MistressTo His Mistress Going to bed⏹∙Divine poems 《圣歌》⏹∙Holy Sonnets 《神圣十四行诗》At the Round Earth’s Imagined Corner, BelowDeath Be Not ProudArtistic features:1. conceits or imagery奇思妙喻2. syllogism三段论John Milton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674John Milton was an English poet, 政论家，polemicist (辩论家）He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost, which is considered as the greatest English literary epic.评价：William Hayley's 1796 biography called him the "greatest En glish author". He remains generally regarded "as one of thepreeminent writers in the English language and as a thinker of world importance."写作的3个主题:rch governmentorceublicanism作品：：Lycidas 《利西达斯》：Areopagitica 《为英国人民声辩》: Paradise Lost 《失乐园》是无韵体: Paradise Regained 《复乐园》: Samson Agonistes 《力士参孙》This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in ab ba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and t hey serve him best who can endure the suffering best.冒险小说作家Daniel Defoe丹尼尔•笛福1660~1731小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。
He started The Review, a political and literary magazine in prison. 1704年，他创办《评论》杂志，这是英国第一份定期出版的社会和政治刊物。
评价：He is called “The Father of the English fiction”（英国小说之父）考，填空He is the first writer study of the lower-class people, his language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernac ular, and he is the founder of realistic novel.作品：① The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robi nson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记It praises the fortitude of the human labor and the Pur itan.Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventfu l life.It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goe s to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets reli eved and returns to England.② Captain Singleton 《辛格顿船长》③ Moll Flanders 《摩尔·弗兰德斯》④ A Journal of the Plague Year 《大疫年日记》⑤ Roxana 《罗克萨娜》Jonathan Swift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。