[专升本类试卷]专升本（英语）模拟试卷1一、Part I Vocabulary and StructureDirections: Each of the following sentences is provided with four choices. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.1 Yesterday the pound fell to a ______ low level against the dollar, according to this morning's news.（A）final（B）last（C）remote（D）record2 It is hard for us to realize what ______ lives people lived in the Middle Ages.（A）grave（B）hard（C）great（D）gross3 Recent psychological studies have shown that many children develop ______ fears of dangers.（A）imagination（B）imaginary（C）imaginable（D）imaginative4 In the garden bees moved from ______ flowers to purple ones.（A）colorful（B）prosperous（C）pink（D）bright5 Last week the seamen's strike led to the ______ closure of the entire vast dock area. （A）virtual（B）factual（C）local（D）actual6 What he described as only a ______ detail I thought was the most important part of the plan.（A）common（B）plain（C）just（D）mere7 I'm sorry to have taken up too much of your ______ time.（A）worthy（B）valueless（C）valuable（D）priceless8 Complicated work requires a ______ person to carry it out.（A）careless（B）hostile（C）patient（D）casual9 Most people agree that the present role of women has already affected U. S. society. ______ , it has affected the traditional role of men.（A）Above all（B）In all（C）At most（D）At last10 ______ , the ship's captain changed course.（A）To be warned（B）To have been warned（C）Having been warned（D）Being warned11 The bridge was named ______ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people. （A）after（B）with（C）by（D）from12 If we had finished our work a little earlier, we ______ to the museum.（A）can have gone（B）had gone（C）could go（D）could have gone13 You would be ______ a risk to let your child go to school by himself,（A）omitting（B）attaching（C）affording（D）running14 We'd like to ______ a table for five for dinner this evening.（A）preserve（B）reserve（C）retain（D）sustain15 The European Union countries were once worried that they would not have ______ supplies of petroleum.（A）proficient（B）efficient（C）potential（D）sufficient16 All ______ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.（A）what is needed（B）for our needs（C）the thing needed（D）that is needed17 Britain has the highest ______ of road traffic in the world—over 60 cars for every mile of road.（A）popularity（B）intensity（C）density（D）prosperity18 It was from Stephen ______ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist. （A）whom（B）who（C）that（D）when19 These shoes are too big. Ask the clerk to bring you a smaller ______.（A）suit（B）set（C）one（D）pair20 Many new ______ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.（A）opportunities（B）necessities（C）realities（D）probabilities21 The leader of the expedition ______ everyone to follow his example.（A）inspired（B）reinforced（C）sparked（D）promoted22 It was essential that the application forms ______ back before the deadline. （A）must be sent（B）would be sent（C）be sent（D）were sent23 We ______ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.（A）just have had（B）have just had（C）just had（D）had just had24 The rain was heavy and ______ the land was flooded.（A）consequently（B）continuously（C）constantly（D）consistently25 Do you think a headmaster like Mr. Robert is ______ of going so far as to neglect his duty?（A）reasonable（B）capable（C）responsible（D）able26 The engine ______ smoke and steam.（A）gives up（B）gives in（C）gives away（D）gives off27 Their products are frequently overpriced and ______ in quality. （A）influential（B）inferior（C）superior（D）subordinate28 Don't ______ this news to the public until we give you the go-ahead. （A）release（B）relieve（C）relate（D）retain29 She never laughed, ______ lose her temper.（A）or she ever did（B）nor did she ever（C）or did she ever（D）nor she ever did30 The goals ______ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him. （A）after which（B）for which（C）with which（D）at which二、Part II VocabularyDirections: Complete each of the following sentences with the proper word derived from the one given in the bracket.31 That actor was almost ______ (know) before he played that part.32 The scientist tried the experiment again and again ______ (regard) of the failure.33 He was interested in history when he was a child and later became a ______ (history).34 As previously ______ (state), these unanswered questions suggest areas that are in need of further study.35 The ______ (consume) of the material has been reduced year by year.36 The police work for the ______ (safe) of all the people who live in this city.三、Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.37 Peering into the 21st century, authorities on the future see extraordinary changes. New scientific breakthrough will allow machines to take on more tasks that the human brain has traditionally done.Computers, which once only remembered data, will make more decisions. Machines that tell doctors today what symptoms the patients have may soon be recommending surgery. Others will design new buildings after questioning buyers about their preferences. Increasingly, human thought processes and even values are being programmed into computers, according to Earl Joseph, president of a consulting firm. "Imagine machines which are smarter and more intelligent than humans and, with their embedded (植入的) initiative, can't wait to tell you about it," he says.In everyday life, the future will mean talking directly to computers without pushing buttons. Just tell a toaster, stove or other kitchen devices what to do, and it will hear the message. The oven may even decide itself how long to cook the roast. Tell the television, "I want to watch Channel 12 at 8 p.m. , but store the show for next week" and the job will be done.The computer will talk back, too. Already some soft-drink machines complain loudly if you don't deposit enough cash. At home, a bedside machine may someday tell you, "You forget to turn off the basement light."Away from home, the automobile of the future will think for itself. Scientists predict that drivers will feed destinations into a computer that would then explain what route to take and even tell where parking spaces are available. A city's traffic-control system might instruct the car's computer how fast to go in heavy traffic and whether to change lanes.37 This passage mainly discusses ______.（A）the history of computer（B）the different functions of computer（C）the computer in the 21st century（D）the scientific breakthroughs in the 21st century38 The passage tells us that ______.（A）computers now cannot yet tell us what symptoms a patient has（B）computers now can remind you to turn off the lights in the basement（C）the author has a car that can think for itself（D）some computers now can already make loud complaints39 From the passage we know that toaster, stove and oven ______.（A）cannot understand the author's instructions（B）are all devices used in the kitchen（C）are useless without the help of computers（D）are invented for the life in the 21st century40 What does "deposit" probably mean in the first sentence of the fourth paragraph? （A）put in（B）take out（C）change（D）possess41 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?（A）Earl Joseph is quite optimistic about the ability of computers to do more intelligent work for people in the future.（B）Earl Joseph insisted that computers are smarter and more intelligent than human beings.（C）Nowadays drivers can feed destinations into a computer that will explain what route to take and even tell where parking space are available.（D）Both Ａ and Ｂ.42 There was one thought that air pollution affected only the area immediately around large cities with factories and heavy automobile traffic. At present, we realize that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is literally worldwide. On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy cloud of air pollution has covered the east of the United States and brought health warnings in rural areas away from any major concentration of manufacturing and automobile traffic. In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may be infected by air pollution. Some scientists consider that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels(coal and oil) is creating a "greenhouse effect"—conserving heat reflected from the earth and raising the world's average temperature. If this view is correct and the world's temperature is raised only a few degree, much of the popular ice cap will melt and cities such as New York, Boston, Miami and New Orleans will be in water.Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particular matter in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth's temperature—a result that would be equally disastrous. A drop of just a few degree could create something close to a new ice age, and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas. Today we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen (though one recent government report drafted by experts in the field concluded that the greenhouse effect is very possible). Perhaps, if we're lucky enough, the two tendencies will offset each other and the world's temperature will stay about the same as it is now.42 As pointed out at the beginning of the passage, people used to think that air pollution ______.（A）caused widespread damage in the countryside（B）affected the entire eastern half of the United States（C）had damaged effect on health（D）existed merely in urban and industries areas43 As to the greenhouse effect, the author ______.（A）shares the same view with the scientists（B）is uncertain of its occurrence（C）rejects it as being ungrounded（D）thinks that it will destroy the world soon44 The underlined word "offset" in the seventh line Paragraph 2 could be replaced by______.（A）slip into（B）make up for（C）set up（D）catch up with45 It can be concluded that ______.（A）raising the world's temperature only a few degrees would not do much harm to life on earth（B）lowering the world's temperature merely a few degrees would lead many major farming areas to disaster（C）almost no temperature variations have occurred over the past decade（D）the world's temperature will remain constant in the years to come46 This passage is primarily about ______.（A）the greenhouse effect（B）the burning of fossil fuels（C）the potential effect of air pollution（D）the likelihood of a new ice age47 For some time past it had been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there was no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, atleast in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological(生理的) "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse- the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children's responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights—and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.47 According to the author, babies learn to do things which ______.（A）are directly related to pleasure（B）will meet their physical needs（C）will bring them a feeling of success（D）will satisfy their curiosity48 Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby ______.（A）would make learned responses when it saw the milk（B）would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink（C）would continue the simple movements without being given milk（D）would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink49 In Papousek's experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to______.（A）have the lights turned on（B）please their parents（C）be rewarded with milk（D）be praised50 The babies would "smile and bubble" at the lights because ______.（A）the lights were directly related to some basic "drives"（B）the sight of the lights was interesting（C）they need not turn back to watch the lights（D）they succeeded in "switching on" the lights51 According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something is a reflection of ______.（A）a basic human desire to understand and control the world（B）the satisfaction of certain physiological needs（C）their strong desire to solve complex problems（D）a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills52 The human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of these may have a thousand connections. Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure. Quite soon, in only 10 or 20 years perhaps, we will be able to assemble a machine as complex as the human brain, and if we can we will. It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in the fight software(软件) or by altering the architecture but that too will happen.I think it certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon(硅) Will arise first to rival and then exceed their human ancestors. Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design. In a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbon's long control. And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe.As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declines through economies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments harmful to ourselves. Thus, deserts may bloom and the ocean beds be mined. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, mancreated world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power.52 In what way can we make a machine intelligent?（A）By making it work in such environments as deserts, oceans or space.（B）By working hard for 10 or 20 years.（C）By either properly programming it or changing its structure.（D）By reproducing it.53 What does the writer think about machines with human-like ability?（A）He believes they will be useful to human beings.（B）He believes that they will control us in the future.（C）He is not quite sure in what way they may influence us.（D）He doesn't consider the construction of such machines possible.54 The word "carbon"(Line 4, Para. 2) stands for" ______ ".（A）intelligent robots（B）a chemical element（C）an organic substance（D）human beings55 A robot can be used to expand our frontiers when ______.（A）its intelligence and cost are beyond question（B）it is able to bear the rough environment（C）it is made as complex as the human brain（D）its architecture is different from that of the present ones56 It can be inferred from the passage that ______.（A）after the installation of a great number of cells and connections, robots will be capable of self-reproduction.（B）with the rapid development of technology, people have come to realize the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability.（C）once we make a machine as complex as the human brain, it will possess intelligence（D）robots will have control of the vast, man-made world in space.四、Part IV ClozeDirections: There are some blanks in the following passages. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the one that best fits into the passages. Then, mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.57 There are two aspects which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the brain he is born 【B1】 Human brains differ considerably, 【B2】 being more able than others. 【B3】 no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence 【B4】 he has opportunities to learn. So the second aspect is what 【B5】 to the individual — the environment in which he is brought 【B6】. If an individual is handicapped 【B7】 , it is likely that his brain will 【B8】 to develop and he will 【B9】 attain the level of intelligence of which he is 【B10】 .57 【B1】（A）for（B）by（C）with（D）in58 【B2】（A）most（B）some（C）many（D）few（A）But （B）For （C）Still （D）And60 【B4】（A）if （B）though （C）as （D）unless 61 【B5】（A）refers （B）applies （C）happens （D）concerns 62 【B6】（B）up（C）forward（D）forth63 【B7】（A）relative（B）intelligently （C）regularly （D）environmentally 64 【B8】（A）fail（B）help（C）manage（D）stop65 【B9】（A）ever（C）even（D）nearly66 【B10】（A）able（B）capable（C）available（D）acceptable五、Part V Translation from Chinese to EnglishDirections: This part is to test your ability to translate Chinese into English.67 The bomb will blow up at any time and （你们必须尽快地离开这儿）.68 Although he thought he was helping us with the job, （但他只是在碍我们的事）.69 You are so interested in this matter, but （我宁愿你对此一无所知）.70 （万一他失败了）, we would encourage him to try again.71 （迄今为止）, he has read all the books stored in the small library.六、Part VI Translation from English to ChineseDirections: This part is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese.72 They gave up their efforts to look for survivors(幸存者) (after determining that all people in the sunken ship had died).73 (To my amazement), Bob left a well-paid job to travel around the world.74 I was (in the middle of writing the essay) when my computer suddenly stopped working properly.75 The number of people borrowing from public libraries has decreased, (but book sales are rising).76 (With steady wages), he would be able to feed himself and help his family.七、Part VII Writing77 You are required to write a composition on the following topic within 30 minutes: Competition and Cooperation based on the outlines given in Chinese. You should write clearly and your composition should be no less than 150 words.1．社会上的竞争现象。