1.3.介绍前人的研究 A literature review of 作品The Awakening is labeled a feminism masterpiece and its women writer Kate Chopin is considered as a pioneer in feminism writing.However, this novel has suffered dispute at the time of it’s published in that it breaks the social role a traditional woman should play-women’s lust for sex, the heroine’s disobedience and ignore of family responsibility. The public reacted just like they did to A Doll's House(1879) from Henric Johan Ibsen which was poured with resistance and criticism. Labelded call it poisonous wine in ethics.In 1932, Daniel Rakine published Kate Chopin’s biography Kate Chopin and Her .As the first to publish her biography, Rakin defined her localism writer whose The Awakening Is a Psyence Fiction in latter19th century in Europe.New Orleans’also criticized her lack of motherhood because Edna put the transient passion above her due responsibility for her children.Some critique carried so far to express in Public Opinions that they felt gratified when Edna swam to her death.The National Magazine also thought Kate Chopin made her cleverness overreach itself. She was disappointed for all these misunderstanding. In her eyes, people didn’t give a serious attitude towards this book, and she said these bad comments hamper her procession with lots of grief.She stopped writing novels after this book, and her other books also suffered difficulties for The Awakening.Kennedy Rebel claimed that The Awakening should never get into mind ,and if, people better forget it. However, this book isn’t forgotten just because its prohibition. In 1899, said this book is a miniature of Carole Madam Bovary.In 1969, stated that Chopin’s attitudes towards sex are much more convincing than other writers of that time. At the meantime, pointed out her greatest achievement of breaking off a new ground of American literature. In his words, Chopin is the first to defy authority and to speak out her sex as a serious literature topic…She described women’s internal mind without any disguise.《觉醒》被视为美国女性作家创作的女权主义文学经典。
，而凯特·肖邦则被誉为“美国女权主义文学创作的先驱之一”。
@2然而自1899年小说出版后就受到争议。
因为小说直观地描述了女性对性的渴望，书中的女主角离经叛道，对家庭责任的忽视，破坏了传统女性的社会角色。
公众对小说的反响与对亨利克·易卜生的戏剧《玩偶之家》(1879)反响一样，充满了抗议与批评。
《圣路易斯共和报》为小说贴标签，称它为“有毒的”，“给道德婴儿灌烈酒”@3丹尼尔.兰金于1932年出版了凯特·肖邦的传记—《凯特·肖邦和她的克里奥尔故事》。
作为肖邦的第一位传记作家，兰金首先将其定义为地方主义作家，但她认为《觉醒》“这部小说是欧洲十九世纪后期的一本‘病态’小说。
”@4，新奥尔良《民主时报》的评论家也批判艾德娜缺乏母性，认为艾德娜“没能意识到母亲对孩子的责任远远大于瞬间即逝的激情的体验。
”@5甚至一些评论干脆刻薄到底，如《公众舆论》所言，“当庞德烈夫人故意在海湾游向死亡时，我们感到很欣慰。
”@6《国家杂志》也认为肖邦是“又一个聪明反被聪明误“的作者。
肖邦对于自己不被理解感动失望。
她认为人们并没有严肃认真地看待这部小说，她满怀悲伤地说:“这些人和评论……让我止步不前。
”@7肖邦在《觉醒》后也就没有继续写小说，在出版其它作品时也因此出现了困难。
肯尼思·艾伯尔称《觉醒》“是一木应该遗忘的书。
”然而，这部著作却从未因为被禁止而被人们遗忘。
早在1899年威拉·卡瑟就曾评论说:“肖邦夫人的《觉醒》是一本小型的克里奥尔式的《包法利夫人》。
”@8 在1969年西厄尔斯蒂德出版了第一部最为全面的评论性肖邦传一记。
在这本书中，西厄尔斯蒂德指出:肖邦对女性性爱的态度要比同时期许多其他的作家更有说服力。
同时，西厄尔斯蒂德也评论说:“凯特·肖邦最伟大的成就是:她开辟了美国文学的新天地。
她是美国第一个敢于藐视权威并直言不讳地将女性性爱作为严肃的文学作品主题的女性作家……她毫不掩饰地描述了女性真实的内心生活。
”@9Until earlier 1970s, the women’s movement rediscovered Kate Chopin and her writings.Feminism literary criticism revealed the complicacy between arts and the message in The Awakening. The despicable The Awakening hence turned to be classic, partly because its explored theme was right the advocated essence of the latter feminism.Emily Toth thought the book as the novel form of feminism criticism, and Edna was its incarnation. Elane wrote in her that The Awakening showed how Edna walked from the romantic intercourse to enjoyable loneness.Meanwhile, she admired a lot Chopin for her boldness to express human’s basic desire and pursue sex freedom. She also stated that she believed The Awakening would impose significantly the literary trend in early 20th century.This paper will also unfold form feminism, analyze Edna, the heroine’s awakening consciousness built upon predecessor’s researches, and probe into how this book embodies feminism.到二十世纪七十年代早期，妇女运动使得人们重新发现了肖邦和她的作品。
女权主义文学批评揭示了《觉醒》中的所表达的信息和艺术间的复杂性。
“肖邦的书从不可示人走向了‘经典’的地位，部分地是因为它讨论的主题正是随后的女权主义所提倡的。
”@10艾米丽·托斯认为《觉醒》是小说形式的女性主义批评，而艾德娜则是十九世纪女性批评主义化身。
伊莱恩在她的文章《传统和女性的天资:<觉醒>一本孤独的书》中表示:“这个小说描述了艾德娜从与他人融合的浪漫幻想逐渐迈向享受孤独的过程，”@11，同时，她也十分敬佩肖邦大胆表达人的基本欲望，追求性自由的勇气;并且表示《觉醒》对二十世纪早期的文学方向一定有深远的影响。
本文仍从女性主义的角度展开，在前人研究基础上通过分析小说女主人公艾德娜女性意识觉醒的过程，探究女性主义是如何在小说中体现的•II女性主义和女性主义文学批评2.1. Feminism and feminist literary criticismIn western culture, women have long already played a attached position. In the Bibles, women are made form men’s bone, and Eve was said to induce Adam to eat the Forbidden Fruit. Both showed that wome n’s was fated attached to men by The God. Women belong to men when they were born, and their fortune is controlled by men. Christian has also defined women as such. For example, The English church deemed that women’s should be subordinate to men who are their masters. In other words, women have no rights to live at their own will-Women do nothing and there is nothing they can do without men; Women do what is exactly men tell them to do with the attitude that men are their masters who must be awed, obeyed and subjected.在西方文化中，女性的附属地位很早就存在了。