Chinese English-speaking people
Chinese tolerant of crowding waiting patiently

English-speaking people cannot stand it try to avoid
Causes
Chinese Englishspeaking people
postures
Space (proxemics)
Time (chronemics)
silence
facial expressions
eye contact
touch
paralanguage
In today’s class, we will…

appreciate how attitude toward use of space and time convey nonverbal messages in ICC
Tatami Floors
II. Time
Time talks When you have made an appointment with your friend, say 10 a.m., when will you arrive? When you have made an appointment with your teacher, say 10 a.m., when will you arrive? If you are a boss of a company, when the scheduled time for meeting is 10 a.m. when will you arrive?




Chronemics

Chronemics is the study of how people perceive and use time.
The
sense of time Two ways to study the concept of time (1) monochronic vs. polychronic (2) perceptions of past, present and future
Northern American Zones of Space
Cultural styles also determine the amount of personal space.
Short Distance Latins Mediterranean Arabs MediumDistance Americans Northern Europeans Long Distance Japanese Mediterranean Europeans
a sense of “apartness” body + territory around the body
Population Density Concept of Body Territory
a sense of “togetherness” body itself
Privacy

Westerners have a strong sense of privacy.

The sense of time
(循环的)
a. Time is cyclical
Life on earth evolved in response to the cycles of day and night and the ebb and flow of the tides.
b.
Time is linear (线性的)
Touching times recorded in an hour
London
Florida
Paris
Puerto Rico
London
Florida
Paris
Puerto Rico
0
2
10
180
Would you talk to strangers in a crowded elevator?
Intimate distance Personal distance Social distance Public distance

Zones of Space




Intimate distance 0-45 centimeters Personal distance 45-80 centimeters Social distance 1.3-3 meters Public distance farther than 2 or 3 meters


Touch Culture vs. Non-touch Culture
Touch culture
Arabs Southern and Western Europeans
Non-touch culture
Americans Northern Europeans
Jews
Latins Orientals
Unit 6
Nonverbal Communication (II) — SPACE & TIME
Elements of Nonverbal Communication
NVC
Produced by the body
(kinesics)
Combined with the setting
gestures
Western cultures think time is linear — a flow from the past to the present to the future.
monochronic (一元时间) vs. polychronic(多元时间）

M-time is noted for its emphasis on schedules, segmentation and promptness. P-time is less rigid and clock-bound.
Culture & Space
Japanese
German
Culture
American French Arab Latin American
Small space
Large space
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Space affects human communication in many other ways.

Classroom arrangements of desk and chairs A circular arrangement Sit in rows
M-time P-time

One of my worst episodes was going to a post office and being very angry at the people around me because I perceived them as not knowing how to properly behave in a public place: they did not form in a waiting line but seemed to be packed in front of the teller, and they were also very close to each other without respecting the personal space that I had been accustomed to while living in the United States.
学,空间关系学)
Intimate s Personal s Social spac Public spac

the study of set measurable distances between people as they interact
“Body Bubbles”
American Interpersonal Distance (Hall, 1966)
paradox


in Finland &Denmark..
in sauna桑拿
Religious values may affect spatial arrangements.

The Navajo always build their hogan facing east, in order to face the rising sun. Islamic people believe that the main entrance of important buildings should face in the direction of Mecca. In China…
Where to sit?
Choose the seat and describe why



Space influences human communication through territoriality. Good German neighbors are quiet, do not intrude, keep the sideway clean, and tend the flowers nicely Good Chinese neighbors …
Oriental culture does not emphasize privacy.

Western View of Privacy

“A man’s home is his castle.”
Japanese View of Privacy