It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语
（五）定语 是修饰_名__词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修 饰的名词之_前____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰 的名词之__后___。
They are woman workers.
名词
Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. 名词所有格
He sat in front of them ,his dusty face maski ng his age. All things considered,the trip wil l have to be called off.
Game (being) over,he went home. • He stands there,book (being) in hand. 独立结
Madj
The play has three acts.
数词
This is her first trip to Europe.
形容词 /序数词 /介词短语
China is a developing country.
现在分词 doing
I saw him going upstairs.
现在分词 doing
They found the house broken in. done 过去分词
宾语和宾语补足语一起构成动词的
复合结构
八）主语补足语 如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成 为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语
I was elected captain of the team. Our country will be made strong. He died young. 他死时很年轻。（此句不是原宾 补变过来的）
My first idea was that you should hide your feelings.
句子
（四）宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一
般放在___________之后。_____词后也会跟宾语。
动词/动词短语
介
She covered her face with her hands. 名词 n We haven't seen her for a long time. 代词 pron Do you mind opening the window? 动名词 Give me four please. 代词和数词 He wants to dream a nice dream.to do不定式 We need know what others are doing.句子 We should care more about our friends. 介词+名词 She felt it her duty to take good care of them.
I have nothing to eat.
to do 不定式
Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their name
s here.
从句
六）状语 状语表示地点、时间、原因、目 的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。
The best fish swim near the bottom. 地点状语
I left the village five years ago.
时间状语
I arrived late because of the traffic jam . 原因状语
We'll send a car to fetch you.
目的状语
The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving
They elected me captain of the team. 名词
We try to make our country strong. 形容词
We found everything in good order there.介词短语
I should advise you to get the chance. to do 不定式
– This is my cousin, Helen. • 这是我的表妹，海伦 • We students should study hard. / (students
是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’） • We all are students. / (all是we的同位语，都
指同样的‘我们’）
• 1. We love China. • 2. She seems tired. • 3. He can speak English • 4. We have finished reading this book.
△情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语, 必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语 .
They can speak English well. They are playing over there.
他开会时总保持沉默。
3）表像系动词，用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要
有seem, appear, look, 例如：
He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad.
4）感官系动词，主要有feel, smell, sound, taste This flower smells very sweet.
5）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有
become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come
He became mad after that.
6）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有
prove, turn out
The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。
十.
独立成分
感叹词、应答词、呼语、插入语 等，在句中可作独立成分，用逗号与 其他成分隔开。
Oh, my god!
感叹词
Come in, Mr Green.
呼语
This , I think, is the best way
to help them.
插入语
分词独立主格结构：
• 分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则 应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构。
only bones
结果状语
The students came into the classroom, singing and
dancing.
伴随状语
If he goes, so will I .
条件状语
Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 让步状语
七）宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之 外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。
构还可用with、without引导，作状语或定语。 这种结构不但可以用分词，还可以用不定式、形 容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。 • 如： • With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon./无事 可做，他很快就睡着了。
• The teacher came in,with glasses on his nos e./老师进来了，戴着一付眼镜。（注意，此句o n his nose不可省略！）
则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，既your score . 显然做study的应是人，不应是your score（分 数）. 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻 辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句 带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了). 分 词独立结构常省略being,having been.不过‘The
系动词
1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be
（a
m,is ,are,was,were,been,being）一词
He is a teacher.
2）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或
态度，主要有keep, remain, stay
He always kept silent at meeting.
二.五种简单句基本句型
二）谓语由__动__词_/_动_词__短__语__担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动 词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。
Action speaks louder than words.
The chance may never come again.
Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.
The match became very exciting. adj
The story of my life may be of help to others. 介词短语
Three times five is fifteen.
数词
His plan is to seek work in the city. to do不定式
句子成分与结构
英语的句子成分：
一） 主语：
Walls have ears.
名词
He will take you to the hospital. 代词
Three plus four equals seven. 数词
To see is to believe.
to do不定式
Smoking is not allowed in public places. doing动名词 Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 句子
一、介绍与其重要性