小学英语阅读理解辅导目录小学生英语阅读理解题型过关技巧指导 (2)小升初英语阅读理解关联词有哪些 (5)小学英语阅读技巧总结 (8)小学英语阅读理解方法 (12)如何选择小学英语阅读材料 (13)小学英语阅读技巧 (15)小学英语阅读技巧盘点 (17)小学生英语阅读理解题型过关技巧指导《英语课程标准》分级目标中提到,小学3、4年级完成一级目标,5、6年级完成二级目标,学习有关本级话题范围的600-700个单词和50个左右的习惯用语。
我们老师都知道,在当前日新月异的知识时代,就这些根本无法满足孩子平常的读书看报、上网浏览等拓宽视野的活动,在孩子的阅读中,我们应该从哪些方面、怎样施以引导和帮助呢?阅读一是要读得懂,二是要读得快,读而不懂不行,懂而太慢也不行,作为阅读的基本要求,如何才能帮助我们的学生们打好阅读的基础呢?一、培养正确的阅读习惯有许多孩子在长期的学习中往往形成了各种阅读习惯,如一个词一个词地读,且常伴有一些习惯动作:用手指、摆头等,这就是速读的障碍,并且可能影响到孩子一生的阅读。
有些不良的习惯会影响到他们正常的阅读,我们应注意纠正他们以下的不良方式:(1)用手指或笔指词阅读;(2)逐词阅读;(3)复读;(4)声读;(5)心译。
这些做法的结果往往是降低阅读速度,不利于把注意力集中在作者要表达的思想或传递的信息上。
应当指出,孩子在平常的阅读中都会出现个别的、有意识的复视或回视,但过分的回视则会影响阅读的速度乃至对文章有效的理解。
二、加强按意群阅读的训练按意群阅读是一种科学的阅读方法。
它首先要求把所读的句子尽可能分成意义较完整的组群,目光要尽可能少地停顿。
试比较:(1)I / usually / go / to / school / by / bike.(目光停顿7次),(2)I usually / go to school / by bike.(目光停3次)。
其中,(1)为逐词读,(2)为按意群读。
具体说来,读的时候我们要指导学生,不要把目光停在某一个词上,而应该用两眼余光看这个词两侧的词,眼睛不要盯在字行上,要高一些,这样,映入眼帘的便是词组而不是单个的词;读的时候要少眨眼、不摆头,只要眼球来回转动就可以了;保持坐姿端正,书本应放到眼睛正前方,眼睛与书本距离大约一尺为宜,这样才能保证同一适当距离、同一视角范围内尽可能多地摄入文字信息,正确的读书写字姿势,如下图:关键在于它既不是默读(心读)更不是朗读,而是通过目光在外语与大脑之间建立直接的联系,即外语思维。
这是一个简捷快速的过程,非经过大量阅读训练的妙手岂能偶而得之?因此,我们在平常可以教给学生试试以下两个方法:1. 快速朗读已经熟悉的课文等文字材料(最好朗读到能够熟练背诵的程度)。
通过这种练习,对什么是意群,怎样区分意群,如何把注意力放在一个意群的中心词上,逐步就会有所实际地感受。
2. 把课文或阅读过的材料按意群分行抄写下来,再用目光扫读,使眼睛习惯于一扫一段。
随着阅读的深入,熟练的孩子在阅读过程中能根据自己的阅读目的、阅读内容和文体调整阅读速度,并利用头脑中已有的相关知识,借助尽可能少的文字信息进行选择、推测和推理,必要时还能跳出文段客观地判断作者意图。
也就是说一些孩子能过渡到跳读和略读环节。
我们必须明确地告诉孩子,跳读和略读的关键是要抓住文章的开头和结尾以及各段的关键词和主题句。
主题句可能在各段开头也可能出现在结尾。
三、培养语言预测能力所谓语言预测,就是根据词语的搭配习惯以及语法知识(词法和句法),凭借上文,猜测出下文可能出现的内容,达到“未睹先知”的目的。
例如,利用词法的搭配习惯,在读到I go to school by ... 时,我们就能猜到下文要出现一个交通工具的单词;利用句法知识,在我们读到Thank you for ... 时,我们就可以预知下文会出现一个动名词,这样就有助于我们在整体理解全句。
熟悉和体验词语的搭配关系也是预测能力的体现。
例如读到He likes listening ... 时,就知道下面一定跟一个介词to的结构;读到Little Water Drop goes higher and ... 时也会知道下面要跟的肯定是一个比较级的形式。
眼未到心先知,眼再到时得到证实一闪而过就行了,这样读起来,自然就会快多了。
四、避免翻译在开始的时候,逐句翻译成中文来心译理解是难以避免的一个现象。
但如果总要依赖翻译,养成习惯了,势必影响到阅读速度。
当然用英文直接思维,这不是一下子就可以完全做到的,但可以循序渐进,例如我们学了apple这个单词,我们在文章中见到它时,并不是按照英语——中文——实物去理解,而是可以直接由英语到实物。
再如读到She was flying a kite.时,我们就可以直接体会到“一个女孩子手中拿着线,天上风筝飘呀飘呀”的画面,避免了译成中文“她正在放风筝”后,再到画面的中间环节,那么就节省了时间。
在英语的阅读理解中,孩子往往会或多或少地遇到各种各样的生词,这是影响孩子阅读速度的最大障碍了。
若把阅读过程比作一条奔流的小溪,那么生词便是顽石、沟坎,使溪流不断回漩激起浪花;冲过去便渐入佳境,冲不过去便成为一潭死水。
跨越生词障碍可以通过猜测词义来解决。
猜测词义的方法有很多,有的时候不靠查字典,的确很难猜出一个词的真正意义,其实这时只要孩子能看出它的词性、在句中的作用,不影响阅读就足够了。
例如:PEP教材六上活动手册第38页第5题Read and answer中有这样的句子:Her friend Judy likes playing the violin. But Sally doesn't play any instruments. She doesn't like music.很明显,instruments没学过,是生词,但并不影响学生的阅读,学生通过上文中的violin下文中的music,能明白。
这正如我们小的时候在看长篇小说或大部头的书时,碰到不认识的字词,并不是用查字典的办法去弄清楚它的读音和意思,而是仅仅揣摩一下它的含义,不求甚解。
生词问题解决了,就为以后的阅读铺平了道路。
小升初英语阅读理解关联词有哪些1) 先后次序关系:at this time; first; second; at last; next;previously; simultaneously; eventually;last but not least;to begin with;to start with;to end with;finally;seeing...;since then;first of all;afterwards; following this; preceding this.2) 因果关系:because;because of this;being that;another important factor/reason of... ; since; as; for; in that...; owing to; due to; for the reason that...; in view of; the reason seems to be obvious; there are about... ;for this reason; as a result of this;therefore;...and so...; consequently;as a result; thus; hence; so;so that...; in consequence; as a consequence; accordingly; inevitably; under these conditions; thereupon.3) 转折关系:but;even so;however;though;even though;independent of;reckless of ;despite that; in spite of that; regardless of; yet...;and yet; but unless.4) 并列关系: and; also;too;as well as;either...,or...;both...and...5) (补充)递进关系: furthermore;moreover;further;In this way ;still; not only...but also...; not...but...; in addition (to);additionally, much more interesting, more specifically, next, besides;as far as... is concerned; moreover;in other words;along this line of consideration;on the one hand...,on the other hand...; even; as a poplar saying goes...;in order to do it...; meanwhile; at the same time;accordingly; In the first place...,in the second place...;equally important; of even greater appeal.6) 比较关系: similarly; in like manner, in comparison with;when compared with;compared with;when in fact...; like...; likewise;similarly important; apart from (doing)...; ... rather than...,by doing so ;both…and...; in the same way; not only...but (also).7) 对照(不同点):yet; still; for all of that; notwithstanding; rather; neither ... nor; although; though; but; however; something is just the other way around;yet; conversely; unlike; opposed to; as opposed to ;in contrast (to); by way of;on the contrary;different from this;as opposed to this; nevertheless; contrary to; whereas; while;but on the other hand.8) 举例关系:for example; for instance; in this case; namely; as you know; you may as/say; as he explains; like; such as; a case in point is...; consider...; in particular;including...;for one thing...,for another...;put it simply;stated roughly;as an illustration, I will say...; a good example (of...)would be...;to detail this,I would like to...; It is interesting to note that...;in this situation; as proof; take the case of; take as example (something); asfor; as regards; as to; according to; on this occasion.9) 强调关系:in fact; especially;particularly;moreover;naturally; what is more important; in reality; certainly; of course; indeed; in particular;not to mention...;believe it or not;undeniably; other thing being equal;it is certain/sure that...;to be strict; to be true;by definition; definitely; undoubtedly; without a doubt; in truth, in any event(不论怎样); without reservation(毫无保留地); obviously, not only.. but(also...), both... and...10) 条件关系: if;unless; lest;provided that;if it is the case;in this sense;once...;if possible;if necessary;if so;if not all; if anything.11) 归纳总结类: in other words;on the whole; in sum; therefore;hence;in short;in brief;to sum up;in conclusion; in summary; to conclude; the conclusion can be drawn that...; for this reason; in short.12) 地点关系:beyond; opposite to; adjacent to; at the same place; there; over; in the middle; around; in front of; in the distance; farther; here and there; above; below; at the right; between; on this side.13) 目的关系:with this object; for this purpose; in order that; in this way, since; so that; on that account; in case; with a view to; for the same reason.14) 重申关系:in other words; that is to say; as I have said; again; once again.15) 结果关系:accordingly; thus; consequently; hence; therefore;thereupon; inevitably; under these conditions; as a result; as a consequence; because; because of; so that; not only...but (also...); so... as to.16) 顺序关系:first; second; thirdly; next; then; at the outset(在开始时),following this; at this time; now; at this point; after; afterward; after this; subsequently; lastly; finally; consequently; before this; previously; preceding this; simultaneously; concurrently(同时).17) 时间关系:at once; immediately; at length; in the mean time; meanwhile; at the same time; in the end; then; soon; not long after; later; at once; at last; finally; some time ago; at present; all of a sudden; from this time on; from time to time; since then; when; whenever; next point; a few minutes later; formerly; as; once; since; occasionally; in a moment; shortly; whereupon; previously小学英语阅读技巧总结在新课标下,如何在小学有效地开展英语阅读课教学呢?《英语课程标准》指出,语言技能是构成语言交际能力的重要组成部分。