词性adj. / a. 形容词表示人或事物的性质、状态，和特征的程度好坏，与否. 形容词用来修饰名词或代词如:big,happyadv. / ad. 副词是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。

如:clearly,happilyClearly he didn,t say so.显然他没有这样说。

(句子副词)prep. 介词是一种用来表示词与词，词与句之间的关系的词。

在句中不能单独做句子成分。

用在名词代词等之前,合起来表示动作、行为的时间，处所,方向,方式,目的,对象等的词。

如:in, at,for,toconj. 连词连词是用来连接词与词、词组与词组或句子与句子、表示某种逻辑关系的虚词。

连词可以表并列、承接、转折、因果、选择、假设、比较、让步等关系。

如:when,beacuse,sonum. 数词表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。

表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。

如:one,two,firstint. 感叹词表示说话时表达的喜怒哀乐等情感的词。

如:what,how,haurrayvt. 及物动词（后面要加宾语）行为动作的词如:do,finish,playvi. 不及物动词（后面不加宾语）表示行为动作的词如:appearn. 名词表示人，事物，地点，现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。

如:pig,cow,manpron. 代词代指代替名词的一类词。

如:he,she,hers,his,thingsart = 冠词，article位于名词或名词词组之前或之后，在句子里主要是对名词起限定作用的词。

如：a,an,the英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习一．简单句的五个基本句型1.主语＋不及物动词She came．/It rains.2.主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English./I love you.3.主语＋系动词＋表语She is happy．4.主语＋动词＋间接宾语(人/动物) ＋直接宾语（物/事）She gave John a book．She bought a book for me.5.主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语She makes her mother angry．The teacher asked me to read the passage.二．句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语1、主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。

通常用名词或代词担任。

如：I,m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语是对主语动作或状态的述或说明，指出“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。

谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。

主要由动词担任。

如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的。

通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。

如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)4、宾语是指一个动作（动词）的接受者。

通常由名词或代词担任。

如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。

指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。

间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。

如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。

如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)5、定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。

如：Shanghai is a big city .(是个大城市)6、状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等，用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。

如：He works hard .(他工作努力)7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。

如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课)The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)8、同位语：一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明。

同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。

如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？)1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe.（不定式）What he needs is a book.（主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）练习：指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2.谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。

We study English.He is asleep.练习：选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon3. 表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. （名词）Who's your best friend? （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep.? （形容词）His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）常见连系动词1. “存在”类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类连系动词强调“存在”。

常见的有:be(是),look(看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、显得),prove(证明是),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)等。

2. 例如: The story sounds true.3. Those oranges taste good .2. “持续”类:表示某种情况或状态的持续。

这类连系动词强调“持续”。

常见的有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(继续、仍旧),stand(处于某状况或情形)等。

例如: Why don't you put the meat in the fridge?It will stay fresh for several days.It's already ten in the morning.The store remains closed.What's the matter?3. “变化”类:表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态。

这类连系动词强调“变化”后的情况或状态.常见的有:become(变成), turn(变成), grow(变得), get(变得)等。

例如: Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.练习：挑出下列句中的表语① The old man was feeling very tired.② Why is he worried about Jim?③ The leaves have turned yellow.④ Soon they all became interested in the subject.⑤ She was the first to learn about it.4. 宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。

放在及物动词或者介词之后。

如：I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词）I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money练习：挑出下列句中的宾语① My brother hasn't done his homework.② People all over the world speak English.③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④ How many new words did you learn last class?⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming.5. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。