湛江一中2016届高二级第二学期英语科艺术生辅导资料词性和句子成分高二（）班学号：_______ 姓名：___________ 分数：__________句子主要成分：主语、谓语、宾语写作离不开句子，要写好英语的句子，首先要了解英语的句子由哪些成分构成，能充当这些成分的各是什么词。
一、主语（subject）：句子的主题练习：（每题1分，共8分）请找出下列句子的主语（下划单横线），并归纳总1 The boy comes from America.2 He usually goes to school alone.3 Learning English is very important.4 To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary.5 That he won the prize excited everyone.6 It is important for us to have our dreams.7 It is obvious that he was wrong.8 It is no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收)归纳并记忆：1 主语由什么词充当呢？谁\ 什么：_________________做什么：_________________某件事：__________________2 主语一般放在什么位置？一般情况下，句子的主语放于___________ , 但当句子的主语过长（由_____________、_______________ 、_____________构成）时，为了使句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，常用______ 放于句首，作形式主语，而把真正的主语置于________。
3 动词可以作主语吗？Play basketball is my favourite sport.二谓语（verb）说明主语的动作、状态、或者特征，由动词或动词词组充当，除了倒装情况，谓语总是谓语主语的后面，即：主语+谓语练习：（每题1分，共6分）找出下列句子的谓语（下划双横线）并指出谓语的构成：实义动词、连系动词+表语、情态动词+动词的原形、助动词+动词的适当形式1 His parents are teachers.2 The sun rises in the east.3 We have finished reading the book.4 You ought to work harder.5 I felt cold.6 He doesn't like music.三宾语(object) ：表示动作的对象练习：（每题1分, 共9分）请找出下列句子的宾语（下划波浪线），并归纳总结1 He has never met her in person.2 She handed him a book.3 He likes to play basketball.4 We enjoy listening to music.5 She said she felt sick.6 They sent the injured to hospital.7 I foud it impossible to believe her any longer.8 We consider it no good getting up late.9 They believed it strange that he should have done that.归纳并记忆：1 宾语由什么词充当？与充当主语的词进行比较2 宾语的位置：一般情况下，宾语放于谓语（及物动词）的后面，但当句子的宾语为__________、__________、__________ 时，为避免头重脚轻，使句子平衡，常用______作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放于_________。
3 由上面的练习3和4联想：什么时候用动名词作宾语？什么时候用不定式？怎么确定？记忆下列动词后跟不定式作宾语：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, wish, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, want, would like 等+ to do记忆下列动词后跟动名词作宾语：admit, advise, suggest, avoid, consider, delay, enjoy, excuse(请原谅), finish, forbid, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, give up, can't help, look forward等+doing综合练习：(每题4分，共36分)分析下列句子，找出主语（下划单横线），谓语（下划双横线），宾语（下划波浪线）。
1 The girl comes from Japan.2 He foud it no use trying to persuade her.3 To be a teacher is my dream.4 Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story.5 Many changes took place in my hometown.6 I'd like to swim this afternoon.7 It is a pity that he missed the film.8 He supposed it improper to ask for leave.9 She understood what he said finally.句子次要成分：表语、定语、状语、补语一表语（Predictive）系动词后面的部分叫表语系动词有：1 be2 表感官的系动词：look sound taste smell feel seem appear 等3 表变化的系动词：become get turn grow come go fall 等4 表持续的系动词：remain keep stay 等练习：（每题1分，共8分）请找出下列句子的表语（用< >），并归纳总结1 My wallet is on the desk.2 The book isn't mine.3 The leaves turn yellow in fall.4 He has become a police officer.5 My suggestion is that we should start at once.6 His speech was boring.8 The whole class got excited at the good news.归纳并记忆：作表语的典型词类是形容词，此外__________、__________、__________、__________、__________、__________等也可充当表语。
系动词和表语共同构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质。
二定语（attribute）：用来修饰名词和不定代词，起限定作用练习：（每题1分，共8分）请找出下列句子的定语, 用( )，并归纳总结1 The beautiful sight attracts many tourists every year.2 The wallet on the desk is mine.3 The demanding boss wasn't satisfied with my work.4That building being repaired is our library.5 He is one of the students that have been late.6 The excited boys burst into cheers.7 A woman police office was praised for her good work.8. They visited the Great Wall, which is one of the seven wonders in the world.归纳并记忆：1 作定语的词包括_____________、____________、____________、____________、____________、____________、_____________等。
2 定语的位置：单个的单词作定语，置于所修饰词前；而以下两种情况则放于所修饰词之后，称作后置定语：1）形容词修饰不定代词；2）定语是一个短语或定语从句时三状语（Adverbial）：修饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子（结合语法填空）状语的典型词类：副词及状语从句状语表示：时间、地点、目的、原因、方式、程度等练习：（每题1分，共6分）请找出下列句子的状语, 用[ ]1 He did his homework carefully at home.2 His mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.3 When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.4 Feeling tired, he went to bed without supper.5 He lost of his job due to his lack of patience.6 Brought up in the country, he finds it hard to adjust himself to city life.四补足语（Complement）：补充说明主语的为主语补足语，补充说明宾语的为宾语补足语练习：(每题1分，共7分)请找出下列句子的宾语补足语，用< >, 并归纳总结1 They elected John monitor.2 He treated his mistake as a joke.3 We heard her singing a song.4 He told me to make my own decision.5 I think it wrong of him to decline my offer.6 He watched an insect caught by a bird.7. I had my hair cut yesterday.归纳并记忆：1 作宾补的典型词类是形容词，此外，还包括_____________、____________、____________、_____________等。