高中英语必修五各单元语法讲解第一讲过去分词做定语和表语1.English is a widely used language.2.He threw away the broken cup.3.This is one of the schools built in 1980s.4.Prices of daily goods bought through a computer can be lower than store prices. 单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面;过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。
spoken English= English which is spokenterrified people= the people who are terrifiedan organized way= a way that is organizedaffected area 灾区= the area which is affectedstolen culture relics= culture relics that had been stolenthe book recommended by the teacher= the book which was recommended by the teacherprinted articles= articles that are printed定语1) Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.2) John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street.定语表语3) He got interested in the two theories.4) Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood表语Past Participle as the AttributePast Participle as the Predicative表语定语1.terrified people 1.people who are terrified2.reserved seats 2.seats that are reserved3.polluted water 3.water that is polluted4.a crowded room 4.a room that is crowded5.a pleased winner 5.a winner that is pleased6. Astonished children 6.children who look astonished7.a broken vase 7.a vase that is broken8.a closed door 8.a door that is closed9.the tired audience 9.the audience who feel tired10.a trapped animal 10.an animal that is trappedThere are many fallen leaves on the ground.= There are many leaves which had fallen on the ground. (地上有许多落叶)Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.= Some of them , who had been born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.(他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没去过北京)及物动词的过去分词表示结束了的被动动作或者没有一定的时间性,只表示被动关系。
polluted water= water which is pollutedreserved seats= the seats which were reservedtrapped animal= the animal which was trapped不及物动词的过去分词不表被动，只表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，含有动作完成，动作结束之含义。
boiled water= water which has boiledfallen leaves= the leaves which have fallenrisen sun= the sun which has risen过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。
The books, written by Guo Jingming, are very popular with teenagers. 这些书是郭敬明写的，深受青少年的喜爱。
Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing. 他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没过北京.The book _written by the farmer (一本农民写的书) is very popular.The building built last year(去年建的楼房) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake.The problem discussed a t the meeting yesterday(在昨天会议上讨论的) was verydifficult to solve.The window broken by that naughty boy被那个顽皮男孩打破的) is being repaired.The children examined in the hospital yesterday昨天在医院检查的) were seriously ill.The people e xposed to the sun(暴露在阳光下的) got sunburnt.The boy punished severely by the teacher(受到老师严厉惩罚的) is now a collegestudent.The water delivered to his home(送到他家的水) carried disease.The English today is quite different from the English spoken in the past 300 years(300年前所说的).Most of the artists invited to the party (被邀请去参加聚会的) were from South Africa.The students inspired by the teacher(受到老师鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before.The Olympic Games, __A_ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912.A. first playedB. to be first playedC. first playingD. to be first playing①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已完成。
②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。
③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。
first played in 776B.C. = which was first played in 776 B.C.Consolidation 巩固1. Prices of daily goods ____ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are boughtB. boughtC. been boughtD. buying2. With a lot of different problems ____,the newly-elected president is havinga hard time.A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled3. Don’t use words, expressions or phrases ____ only to people with specific knowledge.A. being knownB. having been knownC. to be knownD. known4. When I got back, I saw a message ____ to the door____ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”A. pin, readB. pinning, readingC. pinned, readingD. pinned, read2）作表语表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。
许多动词的过去分词已经被当作形容词使用。
如：disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, pleased, surprised, lost等。
The window is broken. 窗户碎了。
Don’t get so excited. 别这么激动。
1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。
2.被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强,句子主语为动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。
① The glass is broken.The glass was broken by Tom.② The windows are closed.The windows are closed by Jack.3.表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词(如:interested,surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些过去分词(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用作表语,表示状态.其中有些仅表示状态,毫无被动意味。
① How did the audience receive the new play?They got very excited.② How did Bob do in the exams this time?Well, his father seems pleased with his results.③She was very disappointed to hear the result.④He’s quite experienced in teaching beginners.作表语练习：Cleaning women in big cities usually get ________by the hour.A. payB. payingC. paidD. to pay该题考查分词作表语的用法。