孩子是比较像爸爸还是像妈妈科学家们把遗传因子形象地比喻为一张“人体设计图”。

它通过妈妈的卵子和爸爸的精子传向孩子，孩子从而继承了双亲的各种各样的特征。

当然，在双亲中没有表现出来的或不明显的特征也可能在孩子中表现出来。

比如，B型血的妈妈和A型血的爸爸生出O型血的孩子等等。

另外，孩子表现出双亲都没有的特征的现象，尽管非常罕见但也是有发生的。

这一期，我们请来了遗传学专家，回答你关于长相遗传的所有疑问。

希望在看完这篇文章之后，宝宝可爱的样子已经在你的心中越来越清晰了。

Q1：都说女孩像爸爸，男孩像妈妈。

这种说法是真的吗？A：确实有说法说“孩子长得与父母中异性的一方更像”。

但其实从眼睛、鼻子、嘴等面部特征到体形特征，孩子是同时从父母那里继承各种身体要素的遗传因子。

由于从妈妈或爸爸那里所获得的遗传因子的影响力是相同的，所以异性一方影响力更大的说法是不科学的。

所以，这种说法尽管广为流传，但并没有科学根据，恐怕只是从孩子面部所表现出的部分特征大致来判断的吧。

Q2：隔壁的奶奶总是吓唬我，说越是不希望遗传给孩子的部分，孩子反而会长得越像。

这是真的吗？A：无论你希望还是不希望，你的所有特征实际遗传给孩子的可能性比率都是相同的。

孩子是否体现出某些遗传特征，主要取决于这种特征是显性遗传还是隐性遗传。

所谓显性遗传，是指在其中一方的遗传因子的影响下就能表现出特征的遗传；而所谓隐性遗传，是指需要爸爸和妈妈的遗传因子结成对才能表现出特征的遗传。

举例来说，如果妈妈是B型血、爸爸是A型血、孩子是O型血的话，则孩子所继承的O型就是我们所说的隐性遗传。

也就是说，其实妈妈是BO型血、爸爸是AO型血，两人的O型的遗传因子结成对而被孩子所继承。

因此，觉得父母长相中的缺点更容易遗传给孩子，可能是因为我们更留意那些认为是缺点的地方，而越发觉得长得像的缘故吧。

Q3：我先生是个大帅哥，但我自己长相平平，我常常忍不住要想，孩子出生后会长成什么样呢？会很漂亮，还是一般般？A：很难说父母哪一方的特征更容易遗传给孩子。

父母双方的相貌都很端正，而孩子却长得一般，或者父母都不漂亮而孩子却很好看现象在现实生活中是经常会看到的。

面部特征也是通过载有各要素特征的遗传因子来传递给孩子的。

从现实来看，有的孩子的眼睛、鼻子和嘴的形状都非常像妈妈，但布局和位置却又非常像爸爸的例子也是有的。

Q4：我姐姐有一对4岁的双胞胎儿子，我现在怀孕6个月，也是双胞胎。

我一直认为双胞胎应该长得一模一样，但姐姐的孩子却并不相像。

这是为什么呢？我的孩子也会这样吗？A：双胞胎分同卵双生和异卵双生两种。

所谓同卵双生，是由应该形成1个孩子的受精卵在发育中途一分为二而引起的。

由于遗传因子完全一样，所以长相会非常相似，而且一般会全部都是男孩或全部都是女孩。

而异卵双生则是由同时排除的两个卵子细胞分别与不同的精子结合受精而引起的。

因此异卵双胞胎尽管是同时出生的，但在遗传学来看，与两个孩子的关系其实等同于兄弟姐妹的关系。

他们只有一半的遗传因子是相同的，因此会有面部或身体特征上的不同。

Q5：亲戚朋友们一致认为我女儿与她的舅舅长的最像，这是为什么呢？A：孩子爸爸与他的亲生兄弟共同拥有50%相同的遗传因子，孩子妈妈也一样。

孩子爸爸或妈妈又与孩子共同拥有50%相同的遗传因子。

所以孩子就与舅舅或姑姑等共同拥有了25%相同的遗传因子。

因此，根据遗传学来分析，孩子与舅舅或姑姑等长相相似就不足为奇了。

如果觉得与父母相比孩子长相更像舅舅或姑姑，可能是因为他们相似的部位特征比较明显吧。

Q6：是双眼皮容易遗传给孩子，还是单眼皮容易遗传给孩子呢？A：容易遗传给孩子的是双眼皮。

因为双眼皮是显性遗传，单眼皮是隐性遗传，因此双眼皮的遗传因子更容易在表面上表现出来。

如果父母双方都是单眼皮，则孩子一般也应该是单眼皮。

如果父母双方都是双眼皮，一般来说，孩子也应该是双眼皮，但偶尔也有的是单眼皮。

发生这种改变的原因与前面所说的血型为A 型和B型的夫妇生出O型血的孩子的道理是一样的。

也就是说，父母双方尽管都是双眼皮，但都带有单眼皮的遗传因子，当双方所带有的单眼皮遗传因子结成一对后，孩子也就成为了单眼皮了。

Q7：鼻子的形状、大小和高低这些特征，哪些会遗传给孩子呢？A：这个问题比较复杂。

鼻子的各种特征中，有的属于显性遗传，包括有宽而高的，又有鼻头低而略翘的，还有鼻根瘪而鼻头上翘的等各种遗传因子种类。

有的则属于隐性遗传因子。

包括有鼻头成丸子状的、又有比较特殊少见的鼻头纵向低凹的等各种遗传因子。

Q8：嘴唇厚度也会遗传吗？A：嘴唇的薄厚是比较容易遗传给孩子的。

关于嘴唇的遗传，尽管了解得不是非常详细，但我们知道，使上嘴唇变薄的是显性遗传因子，使下嘴唇鼓起的也是显性遗传因子。

如果妈妈或爸爸的某一方具备了这些特征，一般来说，会以2人中有1人的比例遗传给孩子。

另外，在鼻子和嘴的中间有浅浅地有一条沟，而导致这个部位变长的遗传因子也是显性的。

The scientists compared the image of the genetic factors for a \"human blueprint\". It through the mother's eggs and father's sperm to children, children to inherit the various characteristics of the parents. , of course, don't show it in the parents or not obvious characteristics can be shown in children. For example, type B blood mother and type A blood father gives birth to children with type O blood, and so on. In addition, children showed the characteristics of the parents are not like now, although very rare but also has occurred.This period, we brought in genetics experts, answer all the questions you about looks genetic. Hope after read this article, the baby cute appearance is becoming more and more clear in your heart.Q1: all say girls like dad, boys like mom. This statement is true?A: does that say \"children grow with his parents in the opposite side is more like\". But from the facial features such as eyes, nose, mouth, to the figure, the children from their parents at the same time inherited genetic factors of various kinds of body elements. Because the obtained from mom or dad genetic factor's influence is the same, so the opposite party influence bigger is not scientific. So, that in spite of the widely circulated, but there is no scientific basis, I'm afraid only a partial characteristics from child face shown roughly to judge.Q2: next door to grandma always scare me, said the more don't want to pass on to the child's part, children will grow more like instead. Is this true?A: no matter you want or don't want to, you all the features of real genetic likelihood ratio is the same for the children. Whether children reflect certain genetic characteristics, depending on the characteristics of dominant inheritance is is recessive. Dominant inheritance, refers to the under the influence of the genetic factor of one of the two can show the characteristics of the genetic; And recessive, refers to the genetic factor need mom and dad can form to show the characteristics of the genetic. For example, if the mother is the type B blood, dad is A type A blood, the child is type O blood, the children inherited recessive genetic type O is what we call. Type that is to say, in fact, mother is BO blood type, father is AO blood, genetic factors into two O to and is inherited by the children. So think parents looks like the flaws are more likely to pass on to children, perhaps because we are more attention to those who believe that is where the shortcomings, and the more hair felt like.Q3: my husband is a big handsome boy, but I myself being plain, I often can't help but to think, the child is born after grow into what kind? It will be very beautiful, or a so-so?A: it's hard to say which side parents are more likely to pass on to the characteristics of A child. The appearance of both parents is very good, and the child is general, or parents are not pretty but children was very good-looking phenomenon is often see in real life. Facial features and characteristics of all the elements by carrying genetic factor to passed to the child. From the reality, some children of the shape of the eyes, nose and mouth are very like a mother, but the layout and position are not often like dad's example and some.Q4: my sister has a pair of twin son 4 years old, I am pregnant 6 months, are twins. I've always thought should be identical twins, but her sister's children are not alike. Why is this? My children will be like this?A: the twins points two identical twins and fraternal twins. The identical twins, is by should form a fertilized egg of a child in the middle of the development in two. Because the genetic factors are exactly the same, so long to meet very similar, and generally are all boys or all girls. While fraternal twins are respectively by rule out of two eggs at the same time cells combined with different sperm fertilization. So although fraternal twins are bornat the same time, but in genetics, and the relationship between the two children actually equivalent to the relationship between brothers and sisters. They have only half the genetic factor is the same, so there will be different in facial or body features.Q5: relatives and friends agree that my daughter and her uncle long the most like, is this why?A: the child father with his own brothers owned 50% of the same genetic factor, mother also. Child mom or dad also have the same genetic factor 50% together with the children. So the boy was with uncle or aunt jointly owned 25% of the same genetic factors. Therefore, according to genetic analysis, children with uncle or aunt looks like it's not surprising. If compared with the parents the child looks more like uncle or aunt, perhaps because they are the obvious features of similar parts.Q6: double-fold eyelid is easy to pass on to children, or folds easily pass on to the child?A: double eyelids is easy to pass on to children. Because the double eyelid is dominant inheritance, folds are recessive, so double-fold eyelid genetic factors are more likely to show it on the surface. If both parents are eye skin, the child should also be folds. If both parents are double-fold eyelid, generally speaking, children should also be double-fold eyelid, but occasionally some folds. In the cause of the change from the previous calls for type A and type B blood type couple give birth to children type O blood of truth is the same. That is to say, although both parents are double-fold eyelid, but the genetic factors with folds, when both sides with the genetic factor to form a pair of folds, children also became the folds.Q7: the nose shape, size and height of these characteristics, which will be passed on to children?A: this question is more complex. In the various characteristics of the nose, some belong to the dominant inheritance, including the width and height, and has a low nose and slightly become warped, and nasal root and flat nose up all sorts of genetic factors such as type. Some are recessive genetic factor. Including nose into a round shape, and there is a special rare nose longitudinal dips and other genetic factors.Q8: lip thickness will be genetic?A: thick lips is easier to pass on to children. Genetic on lips, although know is not very detailed, but we know that the thinning of the upper lip is dominant inheritance factor, bolstered lower lip is dominant inheritance factor. If mom or dad's one side have these characteristics, in general, in the proportion of 1 out of 2 passed on to children. In addition, in the middle of the nose and mouth with a small one ditch, and causing the partvariable-length genetic factor is dominant.。