Unit 5Alkalinity 碱的hay fever干草热Homeostasis稳态asthma 哮喘pituitary 垂体hives 荨麻疹hypothalamus下丘脑irritant 刺激物inflammation炎症hypertension 高血压allergic对…过敏的alcoholism 酗酒hypersensitivity超敏venous return静脉回流neutrophil中性粒细胞adrenal medulla肾上腺髓质adrenal cortex 肾上腺皮质adrenalin/epinephrine肾上腺素norepinephrine去甲肾上腺素renin肾素eclampsia 子痫glucocorticoid 糖皮质激素perspiration排汗alarm reaction 应激反应constriction收缩thyrotropin 促甲状腺激素constipation便秘rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿关节炎diarrhea腹泻痢疾phagocytic cell 吞噬细胞cortisol 皮质醇pathogen 致病原cortisone可的松allergen 过敏原peptic ulcer消化性溃疡spasmogen致痉原duodenal 十二指肠aldosterone 醛固酮trauma 外伤tubercle bacilli chronic 慢性肺结核tuberculosis 肺结核ulcerative colitis溃疡性结肠炎dosage 计量arteriosclerosis动脉硬化cranial头颅的histamine组胺vasodilation血管舒张maintenance维持serotonin 5羟色胺subject to遭受serum albumin血清白蛋白aggravate加重peripheral外周inadequate 充足的peristalsis银屑病insufficient 不够的simultaneously同时地suppress抑制spontaneously自然地caution 小心，谨慎accomplish伴随…compulsive 强迫，强制accompany伴随…be prone to 有...的倾向corticosteroid皮质类固醇conscientious有责任心predispose预先处置administer 要求，管理precipitate促成，沉淀manifest 展示Unit4Embryological胚胎学的ganglia神经节gonad 性腺non-volatile不易挥发的gamete 配子，集合体menstrual 月经的nitrogen 氮sodium 钠osmolality渗透浓度potassium 钾osmoreceptor 渗透压感受器gastrointestinal 胃肠的glucose 葡萄糖portal vein 门静脉diaphragm隔膜replication反应，回答trachea 气管adapt to 适应bronchi 细支气管intricate复杂的exquisite精确的epithelial tissue上皮组织appreciatio增值，允许connective tissue连接组织derive from来源于carry out 实行，操作fertilized egg 受精卵endow…with.捐赠，赋予. platelet 血小板extracellular matrix细胞外基质blood clotting 凝血aggregation聚合，聚集by virtue of 凭借，由于liberate 解放，释放lymphatic system 淋巴系统differentiate区分，区别ultimately/eventually 最后，终于eliminate 消除，清除lead to 引起，导致temporarily 暂时地stabilize 稳定，稳固bladder膀胱rather than 而不是respond to做出…回应equivalent同等的，等价的reproductive system生殖系统plus 附加的，正号sexual reproduction性生殖器官desirable 令人满意的，值得要的insulin 胰岛素thermostat 自动调温器plasma glucose血清葡萄糖dysfunction功能紊乱extreme 过度的appropriate合适的moderate温和的variable 可变的restore 回复，还原fluctuate / undulate 浮动,起伏vaporize /evaporate…..蒸发quantify 量化，定量saturate 浸透，饱和metabolize 新陈代谢transfer转移elevate提升encompass/contain包含，围绕surround/ spectrum 范围trigger 引发，引起specialize 专门从事compensate 补偿，赔偿secrete分泌unit3simultaneous 同时的accumulate 积累depolarize去极化coordinate 同等，整合consistent一致，坚持calculate 计算，运算initiate最初，开始transmit 转移strenuous 紧张，费力accelerate加速atrium 心房ventricle心室atrioventricular 房室的sinoatrial node 窦房结pacemaker起搏器interatrial septum 房间隔interventricular septum室间隔aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves 主动脉瓣和肺动脉瓣systole心脏收缩diastole心脏舒张stethoscope 听诊器myocardium心肌arrhythmia 心率失常palpitation 心悸fibrillation 颤动stroke volumn 每搏出量venous return 静脉回流medulla of the brain 脑髓accelerator center /inhibitory center 加速/抑制中枢autonomic nervous system 自主神经系统sympathetic /parasympathetic交感/副交感神经神经vagus nerves 迷走神经pressoreceptor /chemoreceptor /effector压力/化学感受器效应器aortic arch /carotid sinus /carotid receptorreflex arc 主动脉弓/颈动脉窦/颈动脉感受器/反射弧unit2promote 促进dehydration 脱水shunt 分流/往返humidity湿度integrate 整合的，完整的consequence结果，重要性catalyze 催化continuation 继续，延长dilate 扩大，舒张subsequent 随后的inhibit 抑制mechanism 机制synthesize合成molecule 分子anabolism合成代谢catabolism分解代谢regulate 调整inseparable 不可分割的configuration 配置，结构，外形vicious cycle 恶性循环metabolism新陈代谢radiation放射sluggish 迟钝的，懒惰的conduction 传导maintenance 维持convection 对流constriction/contraction 收缩，压缩hormone激素expenditure花费，耗费insensible昏迷的respiration 呼吸unavailable 不能利用的variation 变异，变种unit1facilitate有助于engulf吞噬bond to 使…结合synthesize合成fuse with 融合bound 范围，跳跃coil into 围绕involve包含filter 滤过dilute稀释contribute to 贡献，出力collide with碰撞diffuse扩散dissolve 溶解permeable 可透过static 静态的stationary 固定的apparent表面上interdependent相互依赖spherical球形的spontaneous 自发的interior内部的exterior 外部的substantially / actually/ virtually 事实上extensively 广泛地disperse分散parallel to 平行于perpendicular to 垂直于tissues 组织capillary毛细血管vessels 血管circulation循环solution 解决filtration滤过作用gradient 梯度nutrients营养物质validity 有效carbon dioxide二氧化碳carbon monoxide一氧化碳hypothesis假说absorption 吸收concentration浓度其他vein 静脉artery动脉arota 主动脉thyroxin甲状腺素flagella鞭毛ciliate纤毛ieum回肠cecum盲肠rectum直肠large intestine 大肠。