2) Bound morphemes Free root: (free morpheme) a root which has a clear and definite meaning and which can be used as a word; All the root words are free roots.
2) Bound morphemes Discussion: Can you list some of the affixes which, when added to another morpheme, can create a new word? When the affix –s is added to the morpheme walk, do you think a new word is created? What are the functions of the following affixes: -(e)s, -(e)d, -ing, -er, -est, -’s ?
3.2 Morphemes 3. Types of morphemes 2) Bound morphemes the morphemes which cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes to form a word recollection: re + collect + ion idealistic: ideal + ist + ic ex-prisoner: ex + prison + er
2) Bound morphemes affixes: the forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function. affixes attached to the end of words to Inflectional affixes: indicate grammatical relationships affixes added to other derivational affixes: morphemes to create new words
3.1 Introduction Discussion: A further look at the following words will show you how to convert some of the adjectives or nouns to verbs. What is the rule? simple (adj.) --- simplify (v.) false (adj.) --- falsify (v.) quality (n.) --- qualify (v.) identity (n.) --- identify (v.)
2) Bound morphemes affixes: the forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function. Indicate number, Inflectional affixes: tense, degree, case, etc.
3.2 Morphemes 1. word: a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.
3.2 Morphemes Discussion: Try to study the internal structures of the following words to find out the smaller meaningful components. internationalization blackboard worked tourists
3.2 Morphemes 2. morpheme a minimal/smallest unit of language that carries information about meaning or function
3.2 Morphemes 3. Types of morphemes Discussion: Observe the following examples. quicken---quick-en frightening---fright-en-ing students---student-s warmer---warm-er Can you find the differences between the morphemes quick and warm and the morphemes –en and –er?
any concrete realization of a morpheme in a given utterance e.g. cat, door, -ing, -s, -er
3.3 Morph, Allomorph 2. Allomorph
Categories of Morphemes free morpheme =free bound root prefix morpheme root derivational bound suffix affix affix morpheme inflectional suffix affix
3.3 Morph, Allomorph 1. Morph
2) Bound morphemes Discussion: Try to remove the prefixes and suffixes until you get the elements which cannot be further analyzed. unlimited: un + limit + ed prediction: pre + dict + ion Is there any difference between limit and dict?
3.2 Morphemes 3. Types of morphemes 1) Free morphemes (free roots) the minimal independent units of meaning; can be used freely all by themselves as words e.g. man, earth, wind, car, anger
3.1 Introduction Morphology: a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. predict: pre: before dict: speak Can pre- and dict be structurally and semantically further analyzed?
Chapter 3
Morphology
3.1 Introduction Discussion:
If we look at the following words simplify, falsify, justify, diversify, qualify, identify and beautify, we feel that they bear sth. similar in their internal structures. What is it?
2) Bound morphemes Bound root: part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning just like a free foot; a root which must be combined with another root or an affix to form a word e.g. –dict- a Latin root: say/speak contradict: speak against predict: tell beforehand contradiction, contradictor, predictor, dictate, dictionrphemes
tourists tour: a journey or route all the way around a particular place or area ist: person who does something s: indicating plural people who travel for pleasure
Alter the meaning or derivational affixes: grammatical category of the base
2) Bound morphemes affixes: the forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function. e.g. radios, goes, Children’s Day, Inflectional affixes: happiest, worked, doing prefixes derivational affixes: suffixes
3.2 Morphemes e.g. internationalization inter: between, among (a group) nation: a large group of people living in one area and usu. having an independent government al: of or concerning ize: cause to be more…, make … tion: the act, state, or result of … the act of bringing something under international control