例谈高考英语单项填空的解题技巧
作者：隋志君
来源：《学园》2013年第19期
【摘要】近年的高考英语题中，单选题较注重基础知识的考查，如果在解题过程中，重视标点符号的作用，尤其是含有逗号的句式的使用，那么将会起到事半功倍的效果。
【关键词】高考英语单项填空解题技巧
【中图分类号】G632 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1674-4810（2013）19-0090-02
一主句，+非限制性定语从句
主句，+who/who m/whose…/when/which/as/where/prep.+which（无that）。
（1）Some pre-school children go to a daycare center，____they learn simple games and songs.
A.then
B.there
C.while
D.where
（2）His movie won several awards at the film festival，____ was beyond his wildest dream.
A.which
B.that
C.where
D.it
（3）We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people，most of ____ are healthy.
A.that
B.which
C.what
D.whom
（4）Eric received training in computer for one year，_____ he found a job in a big company.
A.after that
B.after which
C.after it
D.after this
二状语从句，+主句，+状语从句
状语从句的类型：（1）时间状语从句：After/When/As soon as/Before…；（2）原因状语从句：Because/As/Since…；（3）条件状语从句：If/Unless/As long as…；（4）让步状语从句：Although/Though/As/While/Whenever/Wherever/However…
（1）I won’t call you，____ something unexpected happens.
A.unless
B.whether
C.because
D.while
（2）_____ I really don’t like art，I find his work impressive.
A.as
B.Since
C.If
D.While
（while引导让步状语从句=although）
三分句，and/or/but/yet/for+分句（即并列句）
（1）He found it increasingly difficult to read，_____ his eyesight was beginning to fail.
A.and
B.for
C.but
D.or
（2）I grow up in Africa，____ at least I should say that I spent much of the first ten years of my life there.
A.and
B.or
C.so
D.but
（or用于引出解释性词语或“换言之”并列连词）
四主句，伴随状语/伴随状态的独立分词结构
1.主句，名词+现在分词
——Come on，please give me some ideas about the project.
——Sorry. With so much work ____ my mind，I almost break down.
A.filled
B.filling
C.to fill
D.being filled
分析：so much work与fill之间是主动关系，故选B。
2.主句，名词+过去分词
The children went home from the grammar school，their lessons____ for the day.
A.finishing
B.finished
C.had finished
D.went finished
此结构中逻辑主语lessons与逻辑谓语finish之间为被动关系，故选B。
3.主句，形容词/形容词词组
（1）After his journey from abroad，Richard Jones returned home，____.
A.exhausting
B.exhausted
C.being exhausted
D.having exhausted
exhausted是形容词，做伴随状语。
（2）Surprised and happy，Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
4.主句，名词词组+形容词词组
She looked at me，her eyes were full of doubt.
5.主句，名词+介词短语
He stood there，with a book in his hand/in hand.
五非谓语动词（状语），句子主干
（1）____ by a great demand for vegetables，farmers have built more green houses.
A.Driven
B.Being driven
C.To drive
D.Having driven
（2）____this cake，you’ll need 2 eggs，175g sugar and 175g flour.
A.Having made
B.Make
C.To make
D.Making
分析：to make 表示要做这种蛋糕，表目的，故选C。
（3）The storm left，____ a lot of damage to this area.
A.caused
B.to have caused
C.to cause
D.having caused
六句子主干，同位语
My most famous relative of all，the one who really left his mark on America，was Reb Sussel，my great-grandfather.
七独立主格结构（评注性状语），句子主干
______，some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.
A.Strangely enough
B.Enough strangely
C.Strange enough
D.Enough strange
八否定句，+nor/neither+助动词+主语
（1）If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party，____.
A.he will either
B.neither will he
C.he neither will
D.either he will
（2）Mary never does any reading in the evening，____.
A.so does John
B.John does too
C.John doesn’t too
D.nor does John
九插入语（省略句）
（1）We all know that，____，the situation will get worse.
A.not if dealt carefully with
B.if not carefully dealt with
C.if dealt not carefully with
D.not if carefully dealt with
（2）Though he started late，Mr. Guo played the piano as well as，if____，Miss Liu.
A.not better than
B.not better
C.no better than
D.no better
说明：（1）斜体字为答案。
（2）尽管逗号成为解题的关键，为我们快速解题提供了线索，但如何做出合理的判断，首先要做到在了解具体语境的前提下，熟练掌握各种语法现象，然后才能又快又准地做出选择。
（3）在含有逗号的句子中，如果不是并列句，通常不与and 连用。
〔责任编辑：庞远燕〕。