谢孟媛英文初级文法第41集笔记2不使用by 的被动语态为（人）…….所知be known to例如1. Mr Jackson is known to people in this town。
这个街上的人都知道Mr. Jackson.以……闻名be known for-特色例如2. Taipei is known for its good foods。
台北以它的美食而闻名。
以……闻名B e K nown as –身份例如3.She is known as a successful singer。
她身为一名歌手而成名。
K nown可以换成famus例如4. Those mountains are covered with snow . 那些山覆盖着白雪。
B eC overed with 被什么覆盖例如5. They were caught in a shower during the barbecue .他们烤肉时被一阵雨淋了。
B e caught in a shower. 被一阵雨淋了。
例如6。
S hoes are made of leather. 皮鞋是皮子做的。
成品原料-----物理变化用M ade of 由……制成例如7. Bread is made from flour 。
面包是面粉做的成品原料------有化学的变化用Made from由……制成表示情绪和感情的被动语态也不能用byI nterested 兴趣 in (be interested in )S urprised 惊奇 at ( 有方向性的要用at)Satisfied 满意 withI mpressed 印象 with ＋事物例如人＋bevPleased愉快 withE xcited 兴奋 about 记忆口诀兴奋给一个拥抱。
W orried 担心 about3授予动词的被动语态。
授予动词的主动授予V＋ O（人）＋O（物）O（物）＋介词＋O（人）注意该被动语态时受词一次只能拿一个做变化。
例如1. The embessy gave me a new passport . 大使馆给了我一份新的护照。
123改成被动I was given a new passport by the embassy .我被大使馆给予了一份新的护照例如2. The embessy gave a new passpor to me12 3改成被动 A new passport was given to me by the embassy . 一份新的护照被大使馆给了我。
例如3. Mr .white told us the history story. W hite 先生告诉我们这个历史故事。
123被动We were told the history story by Mr. W hite. 我们被告诉了这个历史故事是从white那里还可the history story was told to us by Mr. W hite .这个历史故事是被white先生告诉我们的。
注意有些授予动词如cook 等不能用人做为被动的主语。
例如Mom cooked us vegetable soup. 妈妈给我们做了蔬菜汤。
被动Vegetable soup was cooked for us by Mom .蔬菜汤是被我妈妈做给我们的。
不能we were cooked vegetable soup by Mom 注意这句话是不能这样说的所以cook 不能用人作为被动语态的主语。
谢孟媛英文初级文法第42集笔记4 S主词＋V动词＋O受词＋C补语的被动语态。
例如 1 . They painted the board blue. 他们把木板漆成了蓝色。
被动 The board was painted blue by them . 板子被他们漆成了蓝色。
例如2. We elected Jake chairperson.. 我们选Jake当主席被动Jake was elected chairperson by us . Jake 被我们选为主席。
5祈使句的被动语态原形动词＋受词=====Let ＋受词＋be ＋P.P例如open the door。
把门打开。
有希望请求的意思you 省略了The door is opened 不对的如果改成这样的被动语态.这只是一般叙述句的被动语态，它不是上句的被动语态。
应该是Let the door be opened 让门就打开吧, 这才是祈使句的被动语态.L et 后面永远用原形L et＋O(人) ＋原形动词＋O (物)例如Let me tell the truth 就让我说实话吧。
该被动let the truth be told by me. 实话就让我说出来吧。
6使役动词的被动语态M ade V 主动M ade 叫…… .强调。
A＋O ＋Have PP 被动Haven 叫….. 一般V主动B L et ＋O ＋VB e ＋PP被动T o V 主动c get ＋O＋PP 被动例如1. My brother made me run errands for him. 我的哥哥叫我帮他跑腿。
有点强迫的。
My brother had me run errands for him 一般的口气。
My brother let me run errands for himM y brother get me to tun errands for him . get …torun errands 跑腿例如2. I had my hair cut（PP）yeasterday . 我昨天剪了我的头发。
被动语态例如3. let it be done (do ) at once 立刻去做这件是吧被动语态at once 立刻例如4 Mr.Lin made me do (do ) the work 。
Lin先生叫我去做这个工作。
（前主后主）例如5. Mr.Lin made the work done (do ) by me 。
Lin先生叫我做了这个工作。
（前主后被）例如6. I was made to do（do ） the work by Mr. L i n.我被Lin先生叫去做这个工作。
（前被后主）to do 要用不定词。
7感官动词的被动语态。
F eel V （主动）seewatch Ving（主动）look at ＋Onotice P.P （被动）hearlisten to例如1. I saw him beat /beating (beat) the little boy. 我看见他打一个小男孩。
例如2. I saw the little boy beaten by him. 我看见一个小男孩被打。
（被动）例如3. He was seen to beat/ beating the little boy by me .他打小男孩被我看见。
谢孟媛英文初级文法第43集笔记U nit 4 关系代名词关系代名词的功用例如1. I have a friend the friend lives in paris 我有位朋友，这个朋友住在巴黎。
I have a friend and he lives in paris .用and 连接I have a friend who lives in paris。
W ho 不是谁的意思，是关系代名词。
住在巴黎的朋友英文是 a friend who lives in paris. 这是形容词子句。
语顺为先行词＋关系代名词但也提有下下例句子。
例如1. There was an old man in the apartment who was very rich.那个公寓里过去住着一位非常富有的老人。
也可以这样说T here was an old rich man in the apartment .例如2. I met two girls , one of whom. is my cousin。
我遇见两个女孩，其中一个是我的表妹也可以I met two girls and one of them is my cousin.关系代名词的种类格先行词主格＋V 所有格＋N 受格＋S ＋V＋介人W ho Whose Whom事物动物Which Whose Which人. 事物That ×That人称代名词==I love him （V ＋O）I play with him。
我给他玩。
介词＋受词格例句主格＋动词the man who talked to me 该男子和我说话所有格＋动词the man whose car was stolen 该男子的车被偷了受格＋主词＋动词the man whom I met . 我所会见的人谢孟媛英文初级文法第44集笔记主格的关系代名词1主格Who-----先行词（人）＋主格关系代名词Who＋动词例如1. The man is my father。
引导的是形容词子句把这两句合并一句The man wears sunglasses。
重复不要The man who wears sunglasses is my father。
带太阳镜的那个人是我的父亲修饰名词形容词子句例如2. I don’t like people.这两句合并一句。
T hey get out of temper easilyI don’t like people who get out of temper easily. 我不喜欢容易发脾气的那种人。
修饰形容词子句2主格Which-----先行词（事物动物）＋主格关代Which ＋动词l例如1. I live in the house .这两句合并一句。
H ouse S tands on 坐落于，位于T he house stands on the hillI live in the house which standas on the hill. 我住在那幢坐落在山丘上的房子里。
例如2. English is a language这两句合并一句。
I t’s spoken all over the world .English is a language which is spoken all over the world。
英文是世界通用的语言。
Jajapanpanese is a language which is spoken in Japan . 日文是在日本说的语言。
3主格关代That＋先行词（人.事.动物）＋主格关代名词That ＋动词例如1.帮医生照顾病人的人称为护士。