The DNA strand will bind with Histone protein to form the Chromatin. Chromatin will condensed together to form the Chromosome.
Purves et al. Life: The Nature of Biology
• The double helix is the basic 3D structure of the DNA
• The basic building stones of the DNA are the bases
DNA结构: 核苷酸 (基本知识)
During 1920’s, Biochemist P.A. Levene found that DNA contains
The nucleotide is the fundamental unit (monomer) of the nucleic acid polymer (DNA)
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DNA 构造: 双螺旋结构
4 nitrogenous bases: Cytosine, Thymine, Adenine, and Guanine A deoxyribose sugar and A phosphate group
He concluded that the basic unit of DNA is named “Nucleotide” Nucleotide was composed of 1x base, attached to a sugar and the phosphate group attached also to the sugar
• They show a typical morphologic appearence
• The DNA is highly condensed (supercoiled) in the chromosomes
• Histones are the proteine backbone of the DNA
The bases of one strand is linked with the base of the other strand by Hydrogen bond
The backbone is formed by the sugar (Ribose) and The phosphate group link the sugars together to form
细胞遗传பைடு நூலகம்分析系统 介绍
介绍
细胞遗传学:
The branch of biology linking the study of genetic inheritance with the study of cell structure, esp. for human chromosome analysis for the detection of inheritable diseases.
James Watson and Francis Crick proposed the double helix structure of DNA
Two complementary strands of DNA are interlinked together to form a double helix structure
Dictionary Unabridged (v 1.1) Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2006
染色体:
A threadlike strand of DNA in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order; "humans have 22 chromosome pairs plus two sex chromosomes"
DNA structure: Genetic Code
DNA structure: Genetic Code
Purves et al. Life: The Nature of Biology
• This sequence “GTGCAGATCAGC” is unique. Therefore it becomes a very unique genetic code encoding particular information of the organism.
the long strand
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Purves et al. Life: The Nature of Biology
DNA构造 : 碱基互补配对
Bases pair are always complementary to each other: A (Adenine) will pair-up only with T (Thymine) C (Cytosine) will pair-up only with G (Guanine)
• Thousands of bases forming a Gene which have a unique sequence. Each Gene carried a unique information controlling one “characteristic” of organism.
WordNet® 3.0, © 2006 by Princeton University.
染色体与 DNA
• Chromsomes are a temporary state of the DNA in the nucleus
• They only appear in growing cells during cell division (mitosis)