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中国的青贮饲料


Keys to Success成功的关键
Harvest at the proper stage of crop收获作物的适合阶段
Keys to Success 成功的关键
Length of cut切割长度 Moisture content of the silage 青贮的水分含量 Harvest at the proper stage of crop 收获作物的适合阶段
1
产量吨/公顷干物质Yield
t/ha of DM
9.2 9.4
Brandon Research Centre 1973 - 1976
Factors Affecting Yield1 影响产量的因素
Plant Population 株数
Plant population株数 Yield t/ha of DM产量吨/公顷干物质 24,600/ha 7.2 49,000/ha 9.5 73,800/ha 11.4
1
Date of Seeding种植日期
产量吨/公顷干物质Yield t/ha
of DM
9.9
8.8
Brandon Research Centre 1973 - 1976
Factors Affecting Yield1 影响产量的因素
Variety品种
Variety品种 2200 CHU 2450 CHU
Why Do We Make Silage?
我们为什么要制作青贮?

most crops can be ensiled
大多数作物可做青贮
large
quantities with a uniform quality 大量饲料质量一致 fewer harvest losses收获损失少 weather is less of a factor 4气候是较小一个原因
Keys to Success 成功的关键

Covering to exclude air覆盖以排气 Filling & Packing装填和包装 Length of cut 切割长度 Moisture content of the silage
青贮的水分含量
Harvest at the proper stage of crop
Water Soluble Carbohydrate Levels of Different Crops 水溶碳水化合物(WSC)在不同作物的含量
Crop 作物 %WSC alfalfa - vegetative植物 9 苜蓿 early bloom早花 7 full bloom盛花 7 grasses –禾本科草 8-25 barley - milk stage 乳熟期32 大麦 soft dough软蜡熟期24 corn early 早期 31 玉米 medium中期 14
饲草的缓冲能力
Water soluble carbohydrate content (plant sugars)
水溶碳水化合物含量(植物糖)
Factors Affecting Silage Fermentation影响青贮发酵的因素
Speed of fermentation发酵的速度 Type of bacteria present细菌类型 Moisture content of the forage 饲料的水分含量 Buffering capacity of the forage 饲草的缓冲能力 Water soluble carbohydrate content 水溶碳水化合物含量(植物糖)
1
Brandon Research Centre 1973 - 1976
Factors Affecting Yield1 影响产量的因素
Nitrogen Fertility氮肥 Total Nitrogen氮总数 Yield t/ha of DM产量吨/公顷干物质 140 kg/ha公斤/公顷 205 kg/ha公斤/公顷 275 kg/ha公斤/公顷




The Ensiling Process 青贮过程


Anaerobic Fermentation Phase 厌氧发酵阶段



no oxygen present bacteria utilize WSC & plant sugars to produce acids lactobacilli produce lactic acid 无氧气 细菌利用水溶碳水化合物和植物糖产生酸 乳酸杆菌产生乳酸
Why Do We Make Silage?
我们为什么要制作青贮?

weather is less of a factor
气候是一个小原因
Why Do We Make Silage?
我们为什么要制作青贮?


fewer harvest losses
收获损失少
weather is less of a factor
Factors Affecting Silage Fermentation
Buffering capacity of the forage饲草的缓冲能力 Water soluble carbohydrate content (plant sugars) 水溶碳水化合物含量(植物糖)

BUFFERING CAPACITY 缓冲能力
The Ensiling Process 青贮过程

Anaerobic Phase (cont’d) 厌氧发酵阶段(继续)
acetic & butyric acids may be formed pH drops to 4.5 or lower will take 2 - 4 weeks 可形成乙酸和丁酸 pH下降到4.5或低于 需2-4周

The Fermentation Process 发酵过程
Factors Affecting Silage Fermentation 影响青贮发酵的因素
Water soluble carbohydrate content (plant sugars) 水溶碳水化合物含量(植物糖)

Soluble Carbohydrates可溶碳水化合物
40 30 20 10 0 TASSEL STALK LEAF HUSK COBS GRAIN
M.S.Allen; Trouble Shooting Silage Based Ration Problems. Proc. National Silage Production Conference. 1993
AD G R I, C U L T U R E F O O D A N R U R A L D E V E L O P M E N T
Silage For China
中国的青贮饲料
Arvid Aasen 阿维德.阿森 Western Forage/Beef Group Lacombe Research Centre Lacombe, Alberta, Canada 加拿大阿尔伯塔省拉考研究中心西部饲 草/肉牛组
1
14.8 22.0 29.4
Deibel, J.R., Producing corn in narrow row spacings., Proc. Silage: Field to Feedbunk, NRAES 1997
PROTEIN蛋白
Buffering Capacity of Forages
Crop作物 缓冲力Buffering Capacity* Alfalfa苜蓿 400 - 600 Orchardgrass鸭茅 300 Clovers三叶草 500 - 600 corn 玉米 200 *milliequivalents of NaOH required to change
气候是较小一个原因

Aerobic Fermentation Phase 需氧发酵阶段

The Ensiling Process青贮过程
respiration phase occurs with oxygen present plant enzymes & micro-organisms use oxygen to consume water soluble carbohydrates & plant sugars to produce carbon dioxide & heat 呼吸阶段 氧气产生 植物酶和微生物使用氧消耗水溶碳水化合物和植物糖以产 生二氧化碳和热
Keys to Success 成功的键

Filling & Packing装添和包装 Length of cut 切割长度 Moisture content of the silage 青贮的水分含量 Harvest at the proper stage of crop 收获作物的适合阶段
Factors Affecting Silage Fermentation

影响青贮发酵的因素 Type of bacteria present
饲料的水分含量
细菌类型 Moisture content of the forage

Buffering capacity of the forage
气候是一个小因素
Why Do We Make Silage?
我们为什么要制作青贮?
large
fewer
quantities with a uniform quality大量饲料质量一致
harvest losses收获损失少 weather is less of a factor
气候是一个小因素
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