中国文化常见翻译@Jason小帅帅_风水 Fengshui; geomantic omen阳历 Solar calendar阴历 Lunar calendar闰年 leap year十二生肖zodiac春节 the Spring Festival元宵节 the Lantern Festival清明节 the Tomb-sweeping Day端午节 the Dragon-boat Festival中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day重阳节 the Double-ninth Day七夕节 the Double-seventh Day春联 spring couplets庙会 temple fair爆竹 firecracker年画(traditional) New Year pictures 压岁钱 New Year gift-money舞龙dragon dance元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings花灯 festival lantern灯谜 lantern riddle舞狮 lion dance踩高跷 stilt walking赛龙舟 dragon boat race胡同hutong山东菜 Shandong cuisine川菜 Sichuan cuisine粤菜 Canton cuisine扬州菜 Yangzhou cuisine月饼 moon cake年糕 rice cake油条 deep-fried dough sticks豆浆 soybean milk馒头 steamed buns花卷 steamed twisted rolls包子 steamed stuffed buns北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck拉面 hand-stretched noodles馄饨 wonton (dumplings in soup)豆腐 tofu? bean curd麻花 fried dough twist烧饼 clay oven rolls皮蛋 100-year egg; century egg蛋炒饭 fried rice with egg糖葫芦 tomatoes on sticks火锅hot pot长城 the Great Wall of China 烽火台 beacon tower秦士台皇陵the Mausoleum of EmperorQinshihuang兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda丝绸之路the Silk Road敦煌莫高窟Mogao Grottoes华清池 Huaqing Hot Springs五台山"Wutai Mountain九华山 Jiuhua Mountain蛾眉山Mount Emei泰山 Mount Tai黄山Mount Huangshan; the YellowMountain故宫 the Imperial Palace天坛 the Temple of Heaven午门 Meridian Gate大运河 Grand Canal护城河the Moat回音壁Echo Wall居庸关 Juyongguan Pass九龙壁 the Nine Dragon Wall黄帝陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi十三陵 the Ming Tombs苏州园林 Suzhou gardens西湖 West Lake九寨沟 Jiuzhaigou Valley日月潭 Sun Moon Lake布达拉宫Potala Palace鼓楼 drum tower四合院 quadrangle; courtyard complex孔庙 Confucius Temple乐山大佛 Leshan Giant Buddha十八罗汉 the Eighteen Disciples of theBuddha喇嘛Lama转世灵重reincarnated soul boy 中药traditional Chinese medicine《黄帝内经》Emperor Huangdi，s Canon ofTraditional Chinese Medicine《神农本草经》Shennong，s Herbal Classic《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica针灸 acupuncture推拿 medical massage切脉 feeling the pulse五禽戏 five-animal exercises旧石器时代 the Paleolithic Age新石器时代 the Neolithic Age; New StoneAge母系氏族社会 matriarchal clan society封建的feudal朝代 dynasty秦朝 Qin Dynasty汉朝 Han Dynasty唐朝 Tang Dynasty宋朝 Song Dynasty元朝 Yuan Dynasty明朝 Ming Dynasty清朝 Qing Dynasty秦士台皇帝Emperor Qinshihuang; theFirst Emperor of Qin皇太后 Empress Dowager汉高祖刘邦 Liu Bang, Emperor Hangaozu,founder of the Han Dynasty成吉思汗Genghis Khan春秋时期 the Spring and Autumn Period文成公主 Tang Princess Wencheng慈禧太后 Empress Dowager Ci Xi皇帝，君主 emperor; monarch诸侯vassal皇妃 imperial concubine丞相，宰相 prime minister太监 court eunuch少数民族 ethnic minority祭祀 offer sacrifices西域 the Western Regions战国 the Warring States中华文明 Chinese civilization文明的摇篮 cradle of civilization秦始皇统一中国unification of thecountry by Emperor Qinshihuang鸦片战争the Opium War太平天国 the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom戌戌变法 the Reform Movement of 1898辛亥革命 the 1911 Revolution新民主主义革命New-democraticRevolution五四运动 the May 4th Movement of 1919南昌起义 Nanchang Uprising918 事变 September 18th Incident长征 the Long March西安事变 Xi"an Incident南京大屠杀Nanjing Massacre抗日战争 the War of Resistance AgainstJapan毛泽东 Mao Tse-tong孙中山 Sun Yat-sen蒋介石 Chiang Kai-shek国民党 Kuomingtang中华人民共和国 the People’s Republic of China (PRC)满族 Manchu蒙古人Mongol士大夫 scholar-officials学者 scholar诗人 poet政治家statesman社会地位social status中国社会词汇多元文化论 cultural pluralism文化适应 acculturation社会保障 social security班车 shuttle bus相定迁户 a relocated unit or household 大龄青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age独生子女 the only child in a family单亲 single parent福利彩票 welfare lotteries家政服务 household management service 民工 migrant laborers名人 celebrity农村剩余劳动力surplus rural labor/laborers青春期 puberty全民健身运动nationwide fitness campaign全国人口普查 nationwide census社会保险 social insurance暂住证 temporary residence permit/card 青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquency性骚扰 sexual harassment走私 smuggling*性另歧视 gender/sexual discrimination 年龄歧视 age discrimination工作歧视 job discrimination享乐主义hedonism文盲 illiteracy贫富分化 disparity between the rich and the poor盗版 pirated/illegal copies一国两制 One Country, Two Systems三个代表 the Three Represents Theory 两会（人大、政协）Two Conferences (NPC and CPPCC)南南合作 South-South Cooperation南北对话 North-South Dialog 人大常委会 People’s Congress StandingCommittee法制观念 awareness of law法制国家 a country with an adequate legalsystem改革开放 reform and opening-up公务员 civil servants官僚主义作风 the bureaucratic style ofwork和谐并存 harmonious coexistence计划生育 family planning计划生育基本国策 the basic state policyof family planning4青才申文明建设the construction ofspiritual civilization居委会 neighborhood committee科教兴国 national rejuvenation throughscience and education可持续发展 sustainable development廉洁高效 honesty and high efficiency两岸关系 cross-straits relations两岸谈判 cross-straits negotiations领土完整 territorial integrity民族精神 national spirit普选制 general election system求同存异seek common ground whileshelving differences人大代表NPC member物质文明和精神文明material andspiritual civilization小康社会 a well-off society小康水平 a well-off standard一个中国原则 the one-China principle与时俱进 keep pace with the times综合国力 overall national strength共同愿望common desire“走出去”（战略）going global不结盟 non-alignment单边主义 unilateralism多边政策 multilateralism多极世界 multipolar world人口老龄化 aging of population人口出生率birth rate社区月服务 community service道德法庭 court of ethics盗用公款embezzlement成人夜校 night school for adults在职进修班 on-job training courses政治思想教育 political and ideologicaleducation毕业生分酉己graduate placement;assignment of graduate充电 update one’s knowledge初等教育 elementary education大学城 college town大学社区 college community高等教育 higher education高等教育“211 工程” the “211 Project”for higher education高等学府 institution of higher education综合性大学 comprehensive university文科院校 colleges of (liberal) arts理工科大学college / university ofscience and engineering师范学院teachers’college; normalcollege高分低能 high scores and low abilities高考(university/college) entranceexamination高校扩招 the college expansion plan教育界 education circle教育投入 input in education九年义务教育nine-year compulsoryeducation考研take the entrance exams forpostgraduate schools课外活动 extracurricular activities必修课 required/compulsory course选修课 elective/optional course基础课 basic courses专业课 specialized courses课程表 school schedule教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus学习年限 period of schooling学历 record of formal schooling学分 credit启发式教学 heuristic teaching人才交流 talent exchange人才战 competition for talented people商务英语证书Business EnglishCertificate (BEC)适龄儿重入学率enrollment rate forchildren of school age升学率 proportion of students enteringschools of a higher grade; enrollmentrate硕博连读 a continuous academic projectthat involves postgraduate and doctoralstudy素质教育 quality-oriented education填鸭式教学 cramming method of teaching 希望工程Project Hope走读生 extern; non-resident student住宿生boarder研究生 graduate student; post-graduate (student)应届毕业生 graduating student; current year’s graduate校园数字化 campus digitalization校园文化 campus culture学汉语热 enthusiasm in learning Chinese 学历教育 education with record of formal schooling学龄儿重school-ager学前教育 preschool education学生减负alleviate the burden on students应试教育 exam-oriented education职业道德work ethics; professional ethics爷己者招待会press conference国家教委 State Education Commission国家统计局 State Statistical Bureau职业培训job training职业文盲 functional illiterate智力引进recruit/introduce (foreign) talents智商 intelligence quotient (IQ)助学行动activity to assist the impoverished students网络世界cyber world网络文化cyber culture网络犯罪cyber crime网上购物 online shopping高产优质 high yield and high quality 高科技园 high-tech park工业园区 industrial park火炬计划 Torch Program (a plan to develop new and high technology)信息港info port信息革命 information revolution电子货币e-currency人工智能 artificial intelligence (AI) 生物技术 bio-technology克隆 cloning基因工程 genetic engineering转基因食品 genetically modified food (GM food)试管婴儿 test-tube baby基因哭变 genetic mutation网络出版e-publishing三维电影 three-dimensional movie光谷 optical valley虚拟银行virtual bank信息化 informationization信息高速公路 information superhighway新兴学科 new branch of science; emergingdiscipline纳米 nanometer个人数字助理 personal digital assistant(PDA)生态农业environment-friendlyagriculture技术密集产品technology-intensiveproduct数码科技 digital technology同步卫星 geostationary satellite神舟五号载人飞船manned spacecraftShenzhou V风云二号气象卫星Fengyun IImeteorological satellite登月舱 lunar module多任务小卫星small multi-missionsatellite (SMMS)多媒体短信服务Multimedia MessagingService ( MMS)电子商务 e-business; e-commerce电子管理e-management办公自动化 Office Automation (OA)信息高地 information highland信息检索 information retrieval电话会议 teleconference无土栽培 soilless cultivation超级杂交水稻super-hybrid rice科技发展 scientific and technologicaladvancement重点项目key project国家重点工程 national key projects南水北调 South-to-North water diversion西电东送West-East electricitytransmission project西气东输West-East natural gastransmission project网络造谣 fabricating online rumors恶意侵害他人名誉maliciously harmingthe reputation of others停止月服务 closure/shutdown of service公司歇业 closure of business道路封闭road closure人为操作差错man-made operationalmistakes生态系统 ecosystem森林生态系统forest ecosystem海洋生态系统marine ecosystem垄断价格 to monopolize the price垄断市场tomonopolize/forestall/captive/corner themarket限购私用汽车to curb the purchase ofvehicles for private use汽车限购 vehicle purchase restrictions汽车购买配额 vehicle purchase quotas车牌摇号 a lottery for license plates牌照单双号限行 odd-even license platesystem黑名单制度 a blacklist system执业医师 practicing physician; licenseddoctors二代身份证 2nd-generation ID cards防伪技术 anti-forgery technology非法交易 illegal transaction冒名顶替 identification fraud洗钱 money laundering挂失 to report the loss补办 to re-apply/post-register户籍 household registration居住证 residence permit山洪暴发flash floods水位 water level低洼地区 low-lying areas淹没农田 to inundate crops大桥蜂塌 bridge collapse最严重受灾地区worst-hit/worst-stricken area直接经济损失direct economic loss应急系统 emergency response system闯红灯 running red light遮挡、污损号牌blocking or defacinglicense plates扣分处罚point penalty酒驾 drunk driving终身禁驾 lifetime ban from driving。