阅读理解之词义猜测题词义猜测题常见设题方式：：1. The word "…” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by __________2. The word "…” is most likely to mea n _________ .3. What do you thi nk the expressi on "…” sta nds for?4. The un derl ined word "…” means. _____ .....解题方法1. Definition 定义法2. Con trast 对比法3. Similarity 相似法4. Cause and effect 因果法5. Example例举法6. Word Formation 构词法7. Con text上下文8. Com mon Se nse 普通常识1. Defin iti on 定义法：一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。
______a. It will be very hard but very brittle —that is , it will break easily.（）b. The herdsma n , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yua n a year._（）2. Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。
表示对比______的词有but、while、however、otherwise 等。
a. Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.（）b. She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。
Clea ning up waterways is an eno rmous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the gover nment may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have bee n polluted.（）4. Cause Effect因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。
One who is destitute has a great n eed for food and cloth ing.b. That museum is so imme nse that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.（）5. Example 例举法：禾U用文中的举例猜测词义。
常见的举例的提示词有for instanee, forexample, such as 等。
Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instanee, washing mach in es, refrigerators and color televisi ons.（）6. Word Formation 构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。
词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。
在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。
只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。
中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super-（超）mini-（极小的，微小的） micro-（极微小的）re-（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able （能…的）-less （不，无）-wards （向）Can you guess the right meanin gs?superma n microwave nonn atural mispr onouncehomeless non smoker rebuild eastwardsEg. I ' m goitogbuy a microbus.（7. Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。
I could make out was that some one called Milly had had a very bad accide nt.A. see clearlyB. un dersta ndC. expect 2) Tom saw an owl last night .A . a birdB . an animal C. a starTom saw an owl in a tree last night .A . a birdB . an animal C. a starTom saw an owl in a tree last night but it flew away when he got nearA . a birdB . an animal C. a starape.a kind of tree C . a kind of bird ape at the zoo .a kind of tree C . a kind of birdThe children are looking at a large, hairy ape at the zoo . A . a kind of mon key B . a kind of tree C . a kind of bird 8. Com mon sense 普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。
___，或运用自己 已有的常识将其推测出来。
比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政 治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就 会增强。
When a doctor performs an operatio n on a patie nt , he usually gives an an esthetic to make him unconscious , because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.( )当堂训练Can you guess the correct meanings of the followi ng words?1. There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice.A.雪山B.树枝C.冰河D.冰2. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he won ' t give it up halfway.A. weakB. firmC. kindD. clever3. Mr. Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home. For this reason he has to rent a room n ear the office where he works.A.租用B.借出C.购买D.参观4. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as anengin eer. A. work B. study C. n ame D. in terest5. The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbor all call heran eccen trie lady.A.爱猫的B.古怪的C.闲不住D.动物保护主义者6. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth.A.便士B.温饱C.非常贫困D.虚弱7. Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type.A.活泼的B.好动的C.多嘴多舌的D.可爱的8. Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from thatin side the city.A. tow nB. capitalC. coun trysideD. house9. This boy is not stupid, on the contrary, no one could be more intelligent .A.勤奋的B.愚蠢的C.聪明的D.情报10. Children are always boasting. They say things like “ My Dad ' s car is bigger than your Dad ' s“ My Mom is smarter than yours. ” and “ My family has more money than yours. ”The word boast ing ” means _____ .A.骄傲B.吹牛C.顽皮D.幼稚课堂检测Passage 1: Tens of thousa nds of baby penguins face starvati on after two gia nt icebergs broke off the An tarctic ice sheet and blocked their pare nts ' roeOlstcAd e life e di n d emperorpenguins nesting on the Ross island rookeries are now forced to walk long distances over the icebergs to obtain food for3) The childre n are look ing at an A . a ki nd of mon key B . The childre n are look ing at an A . a kind of mon key B .their chicks, born duri ng the November-December breedi ng seas on. What does the un derl ined word obta “” probaby mean?A. eatB. getC. sellD. buyPassage 2: A man' s position among the blacktent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesme n. If they are hono red, he is also hono red. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage（宗系）,and his tribe. The word disgrace ” means in this text.A. honorB. endan gerC. proudD. shamePassage 3: The ruler had bee n so cruel and dish on est that after the revoluti on he was banished. A few members of the Senate（参议院）opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever.The un derl ined word ban ished ” mean ______ .A. killed by stoningB. sent awayC. impris onedD. puni shed by whipp ingPassage 4: My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guidi ng him with a broomstick. For $ 1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks. It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasti ng less ons. Because the plantation owners were always watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could.What does the un derl ined word tedious ” probably mean?A. in terest ingB. tiresomeC. relax ingD. challe ngingPassage 5: Although he often had the cha nee, Mr. Brow n was n ever able to steal money from a customer. This would endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future.The word jeopardize ” means ________ in this text.A. protectB. endan gerC. con ti nueD. stopPassage 6: After a four-year relati on ship with a major fortune 100 compa ny begi nning as a sales trainee and ending as a regi onal sales man ager, I left the compa ny at the height of my career. Many people were asto un ded that I would leave after earning a six-figure in come. And they asked why I would risk everyth ing for a dream.The underlined word astounded ” means ______ .A. very sadB. very sorryC. very pleasedD. greatly surprised课后拓展Passage 1We can not feel speed. But our sense let us know that we are moving. We see things moving past and feel that we are being shake n.We can feel accelerati on, an in crease in speed. But we no tice it for only a short time. For example we feel it duri ng the takeoff run of an airpla ne.1. Accelerati on is the n ame for _____ .A. any kind of moveme ntB. the moveme nt of a pla neC. a steady speedD. an in crease in speedPassage 2A torn ado can do a lot of damage. The wind of a torn ado rushes at great speed arounda funnel-shaped cloud. It travels in a path a few hundred feet wide and about twenty-five miles long. As the wind circles, the funnel spirals higher and higher.2. A tornado is a _____ .A. rainstormB. dust stormC. great circle windD. huge funnel of waterPassage 3STOCKHOLM —A Swede and two Americans won the 2000 Nobel Prize for medicine on Oct. 9 for studies on how messages move around the nervous system. The discovery makes it possible to develop drugs against Parkinson' s disease and schizophrenia. Arvid Carlson of Sweden and Paul Greengard and Eric Kandel of the United States share the first prize of the millennium, worth nearly US$ 1 million, for their discoveries, Sweden ' s Karlinska Institute said.3. What does the underlined word “ schizophrenia ” probably mean?A. a kind of illnessB. a new discoveryC. a name of a subjec tD. a new drugPassage 4New York: when the first jet struck 1 World Trade Center at 8:48 am on Tuesday, the people in 2 World Trade Center with a view of the instant damage across the divide had the clearest sense of what they, too, must do: get out fast ….Among the uncertainty about what was the best thing to do, formal announcements inside the south tower instructed people to stay put, telling them that the building was in good condition and the threat was limited to the other tower.4. The underlined words “ stay put ” means ______ .A. to keep silentB. to leave at onceC. to stay in the buildingD. to put everything back and then leavePassage 5All the athletes try to be at the closing ceremony. They have forgotten all their fears and worries.It does not matter whether they have done well or not. All the teams walk round the stadium together. Everybody in the village clears up and gets ready to leave. Everyone is hunting for local products. People exchange track suits, hats, running vest and so on. There is a last chance to take photographs and get addresses of new friends. Then each team starts its journey home.5. The underline phrase “clears up ” in the paragraph means ______ .A. packs upB. goes awayC. makes clearD. does the cleaning1. The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And aspecial piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables. ( )2. Helping laid-off workers and unemployed people find jobs is crucial ( 关系重大的)and pressingtask facing the Chinese Government, President Jiang Zemin stressed yesterday, he urged better service to create work for the unemployed. ( )3. Are you a man or a mouse? When people ask this question they want to know if you think youare a brave person or a coward. ( )4. Most women in China ---educated and illiterated, urban and rural, the young and old --- worktoearn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. ( )5. Jane was talking with others while Tom remained reticent all the time. ( )6. The farmer is the most important person in the movie. He is the hero. ( )7. They surrendered, that is, threw out their weapons and walked out with their hands above theirheads. ( )8. Japan has a problem many other countries would envy —its workforce works too hard. CuringJapanese workers of disease“workaholism” is proving a difficult job, partly because many of them like work better than anything else, experts say. ( )9. The harbor is protected by a jetty—a wall built out into the water. ( )10. Crime is a very serious problem in Britain. One sort of crime which particularly worriespeople is juvenile crimes —crimes committed by young people. (。