给排水专业英语词汇汇总Distribution system 分配系统Grid system 环状管网ring system 环状管网loop feeder 环状管网branching system 枝状管网combination system 联合管网combined systemTopography 地形学，地形，地貌，地势dead end 死水点feeder 给水管，进料管elevation 地面标高valve 阀门，真空管water supply 给水，自来水，供水系统service reservoir 配水池（调节水池）pump 泵storage element （储水）构筑物70 m head 70米水煮leakage rate 泄漏量（泄漏率）hydraulic 水力的，水压的hydraulic analysis 水力分析field measurement 现场测量（实测）field date 实测数据key point 管网节点pipe junctions 管网节点node (key point, junction) 节点sign convention 符号规约positive clockwise 取顺时针方向为正head loss 水头损失iterative solution 迭代解loop method 环路法flow, runoff, discharge 流量sanitary 环境卫生的（尤指清除废物）Sewer 下水道，污水管Connection 连接管，排出管Cast-iron pipe 铸铁管PVC 聚氯乙烯Grade line 坡度线slope 倾斜度，坡度collecting sewer 污水支管Interceptor 截流污水管(intercepting sewer)domestic 民用的，生活的manhole 人孔，检查井drainage 排污系统，排水装置，下水道sewerage system 污水工程系统invert 管道内底pump station 泵站contaminant 污染物ground water 地下水surface water 地表水wastewater 污废水floating materials 漂浮物suspended materials 悬浮物colloidal materials 胶体物质colloidal particles 胶体微粒dissolved materials 溶解物质dissolved gases 溶解气体microorganisms 微生物(microbe)organic and inorganic constituents 有机和无机成分hardness-ion 硬度离子hardness 硬度carbon dioxide 二氧化碳hydrogen sulfide 硫化氢alga (algae) 水藻，藻类clay 粘土silt 泥沙，淤泥pathogenic 病原体，致病菌，病原菌bacteria 细菌ammonia 氨水，氨methane gas 甲烷，沼气turbidity 浊度taste 味odor 臭drinking water 饮用水water sample 水样suspension 悬浮液turbidity unit (TU) 浊度单位turbidimeter 浊度表，浊度仪solubility 溶度，溶解性metabolism 新陈代谢standard color solution 标准比色液threshold odor number 臭阈值boiler feed water 锅炉给水bioler water supply 锅炉给水demineralize 去除矿物质scale deposit 水垢，积垢outfall 出水口，排水口chemical clarification 化学澄清coagulation 混凝coagulant 混凝剂sedimentation 沉淀filtration 过滤disinfection 消毒synthetic polymer 合成聚合物activated carbon 活性炭chlorine 氯sedimentatin basin 沉淀池oxidize 使氧化，使生锈soften 软化settle-able 会沉淀的aeration 通风，曝气plain settling 自由沉淀detention time 滞留时间flocculation 絮凝flocs 絮凝体coagulant aid 助凝剂(flocculation aid) natural alkalinity 自然碱度high-molecular compound 高分子化合物jar test 烧杯实验centrifugal 离心的low-lift pump 低扬程水泵suction line 吸入管线impeller 叶轮pump casing 泵壳paddle-type flocculator 桨板式絮凝器（池）clarifier 澄清池up flow clarifier 升流式澄清池contact tank 接触反应池sedimentation basins 沉淀池inlet baffle 进水挡板effluent weir 出水堰tube settler 管式沉淀池influent flow 入流reaction jet structure 喷流结构finger launder 指型槽结构effluent launder 出流槽cross baffle 横向挡板settling tank 沉淀池(settler)aqueous suspension 水悬浮液shallower basin 浅池parallel-plate settler 斜板沉淀池tube settler 斜管沉淀池feed rate 水流速度laminar flow 层流filter medium 过滤介质（滤料）anthracite 无烟煤mixed-media 复合滤料back-wash 反冲洗hydraulic grading 水力分级high-rate sedimentation basins 高效澄清池slow and rapid sand filter 慢砂滤池和快砂滤池mixed-media filter 复合滤料滤池specific gravity 比重filter cycle 过滤周期oxidation potential 氧化电势，氧化性reduction potential 还原电势，还原性ozone 臭氧oxidant 氧化剂reducer 还原剂germicidal property 杀菌能力(germicide 杀菌剂) molecular weight 分子量halogen 卤素pilot 试验性的chlorination 氯化，用氯处理water-borne disease 水传播病THMs 三卤甲烷breakpoint chlorination 折点加氯breakpoint dosage 折点剂量free (available) 自由性氯chlorine demand 需氯量combined chlorine 化合性氯water pollution 水污染organic wastes 有机废物municipal waste 市政污水dissolved osygen 溶解氧(DO)slightly soluble 微溶于水的saturation concentration 饱和浓度biochemical osygen demand (BOD)生化需氧量pollutant 污染物biodegrabable 可生物降解的chemical oxygen demand (COD)化学需氧量oxidizing agent 氧化剂wastewater treatment plant 污水处理厂total suspended solids (TSS) 总悬浮固体mixed liquor suspended-solids (MLSS) 混合液悬浮固体浓度volatile suspended solids (VSS)挥发性固体wastewater analysis 污水水质分析water pollution control 水污染控制anaerobic 厌氧菌的，厌氧引起的aerobic 需氧的，好氧的primary treatment 一级处理screen 格栅grit chamber 沉砂池settler 沉淀池V-notch weir 三角堰primary clarifier 初沉池turbulence 紊流primary effluent 一级出水secondary treatment 二级处理biological treatment system 生物处理系统activated-sludge system 活性污泥系统aeration basin 曝气池return activated sludge (RAS)回流污泥air diffuser 空气扩散器step aeration activated-sludge process 阶段曝气活性污泥法BOD-SS loading BOD污泥负荷mixed liquor suspended-solids (MLSS) 混合液悬浮固体浓度sequential batch reactor (SBR) 序批式（间歇式）活性污泥法primary clarifier 初沉池secondary clarifier 二沉池sludge treatment 污泥处理volume reduction 减量化sludge thickening 污泥浓缩sludge scraper 刮泥器sludge digestion 污泥消化methane-forming bacteria 产甲烷菌管道工程常用术语CECS 83:96 管道conduit, pipeline, duct管道结构pipeline (conduit) stucture埋地管道,地下管道buried conuit (pipeline), under-ground conduit (pipeline)地上管道above=ground conduit (pipeline)水下管道submerged pipeline, subaqueous pipeline海底管道submarine pipeline架空管道overhead pipeline管桥pipe bridge工业管道industrial pipeline给水管道water supply conduit (pipeline)输水管道water transmission conduit (pipeline)配水管道water distribution pipeline排水管道sewer conduit (pipeline)雨水管道storm sewer conduit (pipeline)河流管道combined drainage conduit (pipeline)污水管道sewage conduit (pipeline)涵洞culvert建筑给水管道pipeline for water supply in building建筑排水管道pipeline for waste water (sewerage) in building雨落管down pipe, down spout冷却水管道cooling water pipeline输油管道petroleum transmission pipeline输气管道gas transmission pipeline供热管道heat-supply pipeline采暖管道heating pipeline通风管道ventilating duct细颗粒固体输送管道finely divided solid transmission pipeline管沟pipe duct电缆沟cable duct通行地沟accessible duct不通行地沟unpassable duct综合管道，共同沟combined duct电工套管electrical conduits无压管道non-pressure conduit (pipeline)自流管道，重力流管道free-flow conduit (pipeline), gravity-flow conduit (pipeline) 管道穿越pipeline under crossing管道跨越pipeline aerial (over) crossing管道支架pipeline trestle管道支墩pipeline pier刚性管rigid pipe柔性管flexible pipe半柔性管，半刚性管semi-flexible pipe, semi-rigid pipe内衬liner涂层coating, surface layer管道接头pipeline joint管件pipe fitting管道附件pipe accessory管道附属构筑物pipeline appurtenance止推墩，固定墩thrust blocks, anchor管道防腐corrosion prevetive of pipes管道隔热，管道保温thermal insulation of pipes钢管steel pipe无缝钢管seamless steel pipe螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe直缝焊接钢管longitudinal welded steel pipe电阻焊electirc resistence welding, ERW不锈钢管stainless steel pipe合金钢管alloy steel pipe铸铁管cast iron pipe (CIP)灰口铸铁管grey cast iron pipe (CIP)稀土铸铁管rare earth cast iron pipe球墨铸铁管，可延性铸铁管nodular castiron pipe, ductile cast iron pipe (DIP)铸态球墨铸铁管unannealed nodular (ductile) cast iron pipe混凝土管concrete pipe (CP)钢筋混凝土管reinforced concrete pipe (RCP)预应力混凝土管prestressed concrete pipe (PCP)自应力混凝土管self-prestressed concrete pipe, chemically prestressed concrete pipe预应力钢筒混凝土管prestressed concrete cylinder pipe (PCCP)内衬式预应力钢筒混凝土管lined type PCCP (PCCR-L), lined-cylinder pipe (LCP)埋置式预应钢管混凝土管embedded type PCCP (PCCP-E), embeded-cylinder pipe (ECP)石棉水泥管asbestos-cement pipe (ACP)陶土管vitrified clay pipe硬聚氯乙烯塑料管unplasticised polyvinyl chloride pipe (UPVC管)聚乙烯塑料管polyethylene pipe (PE管)聚丙烯塑料管polypropylene pipe (PP管)聚丁烯塑料管polybutylene pipe (PB管)红泥聚氯乙烯耐候塑料管red mud plastic anti-weather pipeABS工程塑料管acrylonitrile butadiene stryrene pipe (ABS管)玻璃纤维管，玻璃纤维增强热固性塑料管fiberglass reinforced pipe (FRP), glass fibre reinforced plastics pipe (GRP)增强热固性树脂管reinforced thermosetting resin pipe (RTRP)增强塑料砂浆管reinforced plastic mortar pipe (RPMP)复合管composite pipe混合结构管道mixed structure conduit圆形管道circular conduit (pipeline)矩形管道box (rectangular) conduit马蹄形管道horseshoe conduit半椭圆形管道semi-elliptical conduit椭圆形管道oval conduit, elliptical conduit卵形管道ovoid conduit波纹管corrugated pipe螺纹状helical corrugation圆圈状annular corrugation单壁波纹管single wall corrugated pipe双臂波纹管double wall corrugated pipe波纹塑料管corrugated plastic pipe异型（肋型）塑料管profile (ribbed) wall plastic pipe开孔肋形管open profile pipeT形肋T-rib section竖肋vertical rib section闭孔肋形管closed profile pipe发泡塑料管plastic sandwich pipe保护套管protective cased pipe双层管pipe in pipe平口管straight butt (plain) end pipe斜口管beveled pipe, splayed end pipe承口管socket pipe企口管tongue and groove pipe, rebated pipe现浇管道cast-in-place (situ) conduit预制装配管道precast fabricated conduit离心法centrifugal process连续浇筑法continuous casting process砂型浇注法sand box casting process悬辊法roller suspension process径向挤压法，立式挤压法vertical compressed casting process 立式振捣法vertical vibrated casting process芯模振捣法core vibrated casting process振动台振捣法table vibrated casting process震动挤压法vibrohydro pressed casting process管芯缠绕法core winding process纤维缠绕法filament winding process挤出成型法shaped by screw rod extruder单螺杆挤出机single-screw extruder双螺杆挤出机double-screw extruder注模成型法shaped by injection molding管道截面conduit section管道宽度breadth of conduit管道高度height of conduit管长pipe length管有效长度effective length of pipe管直径pipe diameter公称直径norminal diameter (DN)内径inside diameter外径outside diameter平均直径mean diameter管壁厚thickness of pipe wall顶点crown底点invert侧点springline拱沟矢高rise of arch conduit管道结构厚度thickness of conduit structure管道荷载load on conduit (pipeline)管道恒荷载dead load on conduit (pipeline)管道活荷载live load on conduit (pipeline)竖向土压力，垂直土压力vertical earth pressure侧向土压力，水平土压力lateral earth pressure, horizontal earth pressure 沟埋式土压力earth pressure on trench conduit上埋式土压力earth pressure on embankment conduit土拱压力earth pressure under soil arch竖向土压力系数coefficient of vertical earth pressure管上土柱interior prism管侧土柱exterior prism主动土压力active earth pressure静止土压力earth pressure at rest被动土压力passive earth pressure土的弹性抗力elastic reaction of soil车辆荷载traffic load轮压wheel pressure, type pressure动力系数impact factor堆积荷载surcharge load, heaped load施工荷载site load工作压力working pressure, serviceability pressure设计压力design pressure波动压力surge pressure静水压力hydrostatic pressure动水作用力dynamic water pressure真空压力vacuum pressure三支承法试验three-edge bearing test双支承法试验two-edge bearing test裂缝荷载cracking load under three-edge bearing test破坏荷载ultimate load under three-edge bearing test刚度等级stiffness class刚度试验stiffness test刚柔比flexural stiffness ratio压扁试验，扁平试验flattening test冲击试验impact test压力等级pressure class水压检验试验works hydrostatic test, hydrostatic proof test持续压力试验sustained pressure test四点法荷载试验four-point loading test三点法荷载试验three-point loading test弯曲试验bending test横向计算transversal calculation纵向计算longitulinal calculation强度计算strength calculation稳定验算stability calculation刚度验算stiffness calculation裂缝宽度验算crack width calculation基础（基座、管基、管座）中心角bedding angle 素土平基flat subgrade土弧基础shapped subgrade混凝土管基（管座）concrete cradle槽宽breadth of trench覆土高度earth cover (height of fill) over conduit分布角spreading angle负载分布图形loading distribution diagram地基反力图形bearing pressure distribution diagram 布氏压力图形Boussinecq pressure bulb奥兰特分布图形Olander’s bulb form distribution弹性反力图形distribution of elastic reactionD-荷载D-lead滞后系数lag factor刚性环stiffness ring分离式基础separate foundation跨越结构aerial crossing structure管道跨越pipe crossing结构跨越structural crossing组合跨越composite crossing固定支架fixed trestle刚性支架rigid trestle柔性支架flexble trestle半固定支架partial fixed trestle导向支架oriented (guiding) frestle刚性接头rigid joint柔性接头flexible joint伸缩接头expansion joint插入式接头push-on type joint套管（筒）式接头collar type joint, sleeve joint自锚式接头self-anchoring joint活接头，活箍detachable type joint, slip-on coupling 热溶接头fusion joint粘结接头solvent cement joint法兰接头flanged joint螺纹接头threaded joint承插式接头socket (bell) and spigot joint企口式接头tongue and groove joint。