H1Energy Recovery, Inc.Pressure Exchanger (PX®)energy recovery deviceUltra High EfficiencyTechnical PresentationJan.4,2008AGENDAEnergy Recovery, Inc.Desalination SystemsThe Pressure ExchangerSWRO Engineering DesignSWRO Process SimulatorCommissioning, Operation and Service PX Hands-on DemonstrationHeadquarters Office in San Leandro (San Francisco),California USARegional Offices in Spain, China, Florida, UAEThe PX transfers pressure from high-pressure SWRO concentrate to low-pressure filtered seawater with an efficiency up to 98%.Dhekelia, Cyprus -40,000 m3/day (10.6 MGD) SWRO1998 Start-upFrancis Turbine Retrofit –Energy Savings of 40% per MonthUAE -13,650 m3/day (3.6 MGD) SWROs (I)2005 Start-upEnergy Recovery, Inc.YuHuan, China –36,000 m3/day (9.5 MGD) SWRO2006 Start-upLargest SWRO Plant in China (+ Several more)Los Cabos, Mexico –17,000 m3/day (4.5 MGD) SWRO2006 Start-up6 PX-220 array -(4 RO Trains) 24 PX unitsPerth, Australia –144,000 m3/day (38 MGD) SWRO 2006 Start-upLargest SWRO Plant in Asia Pacific16 PX-220 array -(12 RO Trains) 192 PX unitsEnergy Consumption•High-pressure pump (trains 1 & 2): 2499 kW•Booster pump (train 1): 42 kW•Booster pump (train 2): 45 kW•Permeate production (train 1): 552 m 3/hr•Permeate production (train 2): 560 m 3/hr•SWRO energy consumption: 2.32 kWh/m 3*•Overall plant energy consumption: 3.2 -3.5 kWh/m 3including energy to pump to reservoir* specific energy consumption reported in paper neglected 0.91 power factorEvolution of SWRO –2007Perth (Kwinana) Desalination PlantGWI Award: Perth Perth –Desalination Plant of the Year (2007)GWI Award: PX –Environmental Contribution of the Year (2007)Hamma, Algeria, SWRO –200,000 m3/day (52.8 MGD) 32 PX-220 array8+1 trains (288 units)Commissioning:Nov/Dec 07Skikda, Algeria –100,000 m3/day (26 MGD) SWRO2007 Start-up22 PX-220 array –(5 RO Trains) 110 PX unitsBeniSaf, Algeria –200,000 m3/day (52 MGD) SWRO2008 Start-up22 PX-220 array -(10 RO Trains) 220 PX unitsAlicante II, Spain 2007 –65,000 m3/day (17 MGD) ACUAMEDArrays of 12 PX-220 units7 trains (84 PX units)Train of 9,500 m3/dayEscombreras, Spain –63,000 m3/day (16.6 MGD) SWRO2007 Start-up11 PX-220 array6 trains (66 units)H3Energy Recovery, Inc.2 x 6,000 m3/day Pelton and Turbo RetrofitMazarron Spain42% Energy SavingsEnergy Recovery, Inc.H14GRUNDFOS -BMEX SkidsBMEXBMETTorrevieja, Spain Acciona Agua 240,000 m3/day Largest Plant in EuropePartial List of OEM’s using ERI PX’sPX Acceptance: Broad MarketOver 60 Major Desalination OEMsAcciona Water (Spain) GEIDA (Spain) Aqua Engineering (Austria) Grahamtek (Singapore) ProMinent Fluid Controls (Germany/US)Aquamatch (Turkey) Protecno (Italy) Aquatech Singapore Hangzhou Torch Xidoumen(China) Sadyt (Spain)Befesa (Spain) HOH (Denmark, Spain) Salcon (Austria)Biwater AEWT Hydromax Severn Trent (Worldwide) Cadagua (Spain) Hyflux (Singapore) Siemens (China)Caramondani (Cyprus) Impel (Mexico) SLCE (France)Cobra/Tedagua (Spain) Inima (Spain) Specific Equipment (Mexico) Consolidated Water (Cayman) Intech (Egypt) Sterling Berkefeld (Worldwide) Degremont Ondeo (France / Spain)ITT WET (Mexico) TAM Environmental (Egypt) Doosan (Tampa & Korea) Keyplan (South Africa) TCA (Spain)DPG (Spain) Matrix (Worldwide) Tianjing Seawater Institute (China) Express/Horse (Egypt) Metito (Middle East / North Africa) Toyobo (Japan)Fisia Italimpianti (Italy) National Environmental (Egypt) Veolia (Gulf/Spain/Caribbean)OsmoTec (Austria)Yonsan (Singapore) GE Water & Process Technologies (Worldwide) OWATCO (Oman)Hamma, Algeria 200,000 m3/d (GE Ionics)Perth, Australia 140,000 m3/d (Suez Degremont)Skikda, Algeria 100,000 m3/d (GEIDA –Befesa, Cobra, Sadyt)Chennai, India 100,000 m3/d (Befesa)Beni Saf, Algeria 200,000 m3/d (GEIDA –Befesa, Cobra, Sadyt)SHUAIBAH III, Saudi Arabia 150,000 m3/d (Doosan Hydro Technology)TORREVIEJA, Spain 240,000 m3/d (Acciona Agua)BARCELONA, Spain 200,000 m3/d (Suez Degremont)SWAKOPMUND, Namibia 65,000 m3/d (Keyplan)Alicante II, Spain 65,000 m3/d (Inima)Cartagena, Spain 63,000 m3/d (Cobra –Tedagua)Dhekelia, Cyprus 40,000 m3/d (Caramondani& Cadagua)FEWA II, UAE (2 plants) 41,000 m3/d (Aqua Engineering)Ghar Lapsi II, Malta 36,000 m3/d (MDS –Malta Water Services)YuHuan, China36,000 m3/d ( Siemens)Mazarron, Spain36,000 m3/d (Cobra –Tedagua)YueQing, China21,600 m3/d (Siemens)Los Cabo, Mexico17,000 m3/d (Inima)Ghalilah, UAE (FEWA I) 15,000 m3/d (Fisia Italimpianti)ARUCAS II, Spain 16,000 m3/d (Acciona Agua)LAS PALMAS, Spain III16,800 m3/d (EMALSA)YingKou, China10,000 m3/d (Hyflux)5400 Units Worldwide H18Desalination SystemsindexindexMulti-stage Flash DistillationIssues: high energy consumption, maintenance, capital cost5001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0001999200120032005Thermal SWROAffordable Low-Energy DesalinationDesalination capacitycontracted ‘000 m3/daySource: Wangnick-Global Water Intelligence June 2006SWRO Capturing 60% market share with 31% annual growthSWRO before Energy Recovery DevicesIssues: high pumping costs, waste energySEAWATER SUPPLY PUMPMEMBRANESHIGHPRESSURE PUMPSWRO with Centrifugal Energy Recovery DevicesIssues: low efficiency, high pumping costs, little flexibilitySEAWATER SUPPLY PUMPMEMBRANESHIGHPRESSUREPUMPSHAFT TURBINE89% turbine efficiency X 84% pump efficiency=75% transfer efficiencySWRO with Isobaric Energy Recovery Devices60% reduction in pump size and pumping costsSEAWATER SUPPLY PUMPHIGHPRESSUREPUMPMEMBRANESBOOSTERPUMP PX DEVICE OR PX ARRAYEnergy Recovery DevicesDriving down the cost of Desalination12345678198020002006No ERD Francis Turbine Pelton Wheel Isobaric DevicekWh/m3Jeddah ILas PalmasTrinidadPerthThe PX Pressure ExchangerindexindexThe Pressure Exchangerendcover rotor/sleeve endcover2 high pressure connections 2 low pressure connections Ceramic cartridge1. Low-pressure feed water fills rotor chamber, displacing brine2. Rotor chamber seals, containing low-pressure feedwater3. High-pressure brine pressurizes and displaces feedwater4. Rotor chamber seals, containing high pressure brine1. Low-pressure feed water fills rotor chamber, displacing brineLP Inlet HP OutletVessel Bearing Plate Vessel Seal Plate Ceramic Endcap Ceramic Rotor Ceramic Sleeve Seal AreaIndustry Standard 8”Vessel Ceramic Endcap Lock Ring LP Outlet HP InletMajor Breakthrough in Engineered Ceramic Technology6 patentsERI PX-220 replaces 200hp pump, at up to 98% efficiencyPX Model Capacity (m 3/hr)Capacity(gpm)PX -22040 –50180 –220PX -18032 –41140 –180PX -140S 20 –3290 –140PX -90S 14 –2060 –90PX -70S 9 –1640 –70PX -45S6 –1030 –45Seawater (up to 1200 psi/83 bar)Brackish (up to 400 psi/28 bar)PX Booster PumpsMOTOR FLOW RANGEMODEL 20 hp230–300 gpm / 52-68 m 3/hrHP-240315 hp 130–230 gpm / 30-52 m 3/hr HP-240215 hp 160–200 gpm / 36-45 m 3/hr HP-125410 hp 100–160 gpm / 23-36 m 3/hr HP-12537.5 hp 70–100 gpm / 16-23 m 3/hr HP-8504 5 hp 50–70 gpm / 11-16 m 3/hr HP-8503 Multi-stage centrifugal pump 2 to 10 bar (30 to 150 psi) boost High-pressure inletAL6XN componentsPX ADVANTAGES•Positive Displacement•highest efficiency –up to 98%•flat efficiency curve•Rotor•single moving part •hydrodynamic bearing •automatic speed adjustment •Ceramic•extremely durable material (3X steelhardness)•never corrodes •dimensional stabilityPX ADVANTAGES•Modular –like membranes•lightweight•redundancy•Ease of Installation•small footprint•no extra civil works•no heavy supports•no electrical connections•Ease of Operation•flow controls and pressure limits only •no pistons or valves•no regularly scheduled maintenanceSWRO Engineering DesignindexindexH5SWRO Engineering DesignSWRO Startup AnimationFLOW CONTROL: Low PressureLP flow rate set by discharge flow control valveSEAWATER SUPPLY PUMPHIGHPRESSUREPUMPMEMBRANESBOOSTERPUMP PX DEVICE OR PX ARRAYFLOW CONTROL: High PressureHP flow rate set by booster pumpSEAWATER SUPPLY PUMPHIGHPRESSUREPUMPBOOSTERPUMP PX DEVICE OR PX ARRAYMEMBRANESFLOW CONTROL: PermeatePermeate flow rate set by high pressure pump and membranesSEAWATER SUPPLY PUMPHIGHPRESSUREPUMPMEMBRANESBOOSTERPUMP PX DEVICE OR PX ARRAYSWRO Engineering DesignPX FLOW CONTROL•The PX works like two parallel pipes.•High-pressure flow rate controlled by booster pump •Low-pressure flow rate controlled by discharge valve •High-pressure pump flow is permeate flow •All three main flows are independent•HP and LP flows must both be metered and controlledSEAWATER HIGHBOOSTERPX DEVICE OR SUPPLY PUMPPRESSUREPUMPMEMBRANESPUMP PX ARRAY a1PRESSURE CONTROL•LP valve does not directly affect membrane pressure•System pressure determined by membrane condition, feed temperature and feed salinity•Supply pressure changes cause LP flow rate changes •PX LP out pressure must be above minimumSEAWATER HIGH BOOSTERPX DEVICE OR SUPPLY PUMPPRESSUREPUMPMEMBRANESPUMP PX ARRAYFEED PUMPHIGHPRESSURE PUMPMEMBRANESBOOSTERPUMPPX seals the HP loopFlow pumped by HPP has nowhere to go except for the permeate line and lubrication flow~ 1%ERI ®PX s ®H6SWRO Engineering DesignWATER RECOVERY•Membrane water recovery = I / F•System water recovery = I / A•Membrane recovery = system recovery ifPX LP flow = PX HP flow。