4. Coherence Use the shortest possible transitions,like however,besides,because etc. 5. Number of words Write in about 60 words(40-80).
Tips: Ways of condensation 01 Use synonyms or synonymous phrases.
Pa r a 1
There are times when nothing seems to be working in our favor. We may use complaining as a coping mechanism when we are truly unhappy. However, there are many times when we don’t try our best and just want things to work our way. We may try to cover our faults by complaining about the unfairness of it all. These are expressive complaints where the complainer just wants to let out his/her anger or frustration, with no real intention of solving the problem. The complainer expects pity and recognition from the listeners although the results often disappoint him/her.
He had a very good command of English. He knew English well.
02 Turn complex sentences into simple ones.
He received a welcome that was as cold as ice. He received a(n)__i_cy__welcome.
Summary
What is a summary?
It is a brief, thorough and objective restatement of the main idea and key points of a longer composition.
Basic requirements
summarize Para1
Sometimes people use complaining to let out bad feelings instead of solving problems.
Pa r a 2
Sometimes, we use complaints as a conversation starter. Conversations that start with a complaint often have a domino effect. It may cause the listener to include his/her complaints in the conversation as well, which makes you think that you are not the only one facing problems. However, your good feeling won’t last long as long as you are always focusing on the negative.
Summary —— Passage A
What would you do when you feel unhappy?
Will you complain to others?
Reading and understanding
Read for the structure. What is the style of Passage A?
A Narration B Argumentation C Exposition (说明文)
The elements of an argumentation
a strong statement of opinion
supporting evidence
the topic sentence supporting sentences
Practice: summary writing
Step one Step two Step three
Find the topic sentence in Para 1
Underline the supporting sentences in Para 2，3 and 4
Summarize it in your own words, using transitions to make it coherent.
03 Combine the sentences.
Hurry up. If you don’t, you’ll miss the train.
Hurry up ___o_r__ you’ll miss the train.
04 Replace direct speech with indirect speech.
1. No comments Don’t share your own opinion about the issue.
2. No details Omit detailed information, examples and dialogues.
3. No copying ➢ Don’t copy the original sentes.
Mary looked at Jerry disapprovingly and said, “You put too much salt on your food, Jerry. Stop it.” Mary asked Jerry not to put too much salt on his food.