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法国国家图书馆_巴黎_法国

法国国家图书馆,巴黎,法国FRENCH NATIONAL LIBRARY, PARIS, FRANCE, 1989-1995WINNING PROJECT OF INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION作为一个地方,而非一座建筑法国总统密特朗的一系列宏大工程都是和一个场地和一段历史密切相关的,简言之,主要涉及的是一个有名字的地方。

法国国家图书馆建在巴黎东端塞纳河岸上的一片工业废地之上。

它代表了对法国第13郡的整个地区的完全重建的起点。

该工程在自己内部包含一个庄严的成分,也包含一个慷慨的成分。

如果我们考察一下作为该城市向新的地域扩展的基本标记的那些巨大纪念性建筑物的历史,那么,就会发现,可能用来形容当代巴黎的最恰当词语就是“提供空间”,即,提供一个开放的、自由的和激动人心的地方。

因此,这个被视为建筑重点和虚饰的一个示范的巨大建筑,被改造成为一件空间的作品:城市中的一个独立的奢侈品,给法国历史提供一个非物质和非虚饰的焦点。

正是这种背景才产生了这个工程的概念。

给巴黎提供的一个广场,给法国提供的一所图书馆它是一个初创的地方,而非一个建筑的怪物,既像庙宇,又像超级市场。

它是巴黎东端的一个标志。

它处在塞纳河沿岸的大型空间序列的主要部分,就像孔科尔德广场、马尔什广场和疗养区一样。

这样,塞纳河畔的场地就变得非常重要。

在一项旨在保存和恢复该广场的计划中,该机构的主要功能是表现慷慨大度的气概,而法国国家图书馆的主要意义在于扩大该地的影响力。

通过把一个按照首都规模建设的自由和开放的空间与水平状态结合在一起,法国国家图书馆通过其4个“灯塔般的”标志展开自己的规模。

这4个标记像张力棒或它们之间的平地的支撑物,产生一种垂直度,该垂直度限定了一个虚拟体积,而后者使得建筑体的所有魔法、风度和诗意都明朗化了。

一个象征性的所在用形似4本打开的书本的4个角楼彼此面对、划定一块象征性的场所,法国国家图书馆—— 一个神话般的所在——通过其四角的相互作用,把自己的存在和身份显赫地标示在了这座城市之上。

这些都市标志建筑物把“书”的理念发展和强化了,让它随便驾驭这些高楼,而高楼本身又体现出知识积累的样子,仿佛那是一个永远也无法完成的、缓慢而又不断进行的沉积过程。

其他一些补充性的隐喻也给人留下深刻印象:书本一样的高楼,或地窖,或有无数层的巨大书架,或垂直的迷宫。

所有这些清楚的形象汇聚到一起,把一个威风凛凛的身份授给了这些建筑物。

一个开放性的广场的设立支持了财富的实用性的概念。

这些高楼所起的作用是帮助确定这种文化财富的地位。

公众空间给我们提供了一个在神圣机构与普通百姓之间的直接的和自然的契合。

一个“嵌入式的”下沉的花园为工程的象征性选址划上了一个圆满的句号。

它给我们提供了一个宁静的场所,让我们能远离城市的喧嚣和忙乱。

合作建筑师/ PARTENERS: S chaud & Bossuyt, H.G.M. Guy Huguet S.A., Syseca, Technip Seri Construction, Pieffet - Corbin - Tomasina, A.C.V., Sauveterre1 花园层平面/ Garden level2 步行道层平面/ Esplanade levelé它就像一条回廊。

这块安静的、不受干扰的空间会有助于沉思默想,有利于智慧火花的迸发。

一个魔幻的地方这项工程是一件艺术品,是一个最低限度的设置,是情感的“少就是多”的理念的体现。

在这里,物体以及构成它们的材料如果没有光线跨越其上就毫无价值。

高层建筑,箱式或壳状的玻璃结构,还有一张双层壳板和能令反射倍增、令阴影放大的众多太阳滤光片;光衍射的绝对大部分通过一些晶莹剔透的棱镜而产生的光衍射的绝对幻术。

自然补偿:有一个花园,其中人们所能“一片树海,一团叶泡”。

简而言之,那见到的只是树叶。

是对矮树林的柔和的保护:你可以嗅到它的芳香,听到它的沙沙声;人们既可找回自我,也可同另一个世界对话。

夜景∶法国国家图书馆处在一个光晕之中,那光晕来自花园和边缘服务区。

一道轻柔的光在玻璃高楼的内部升起,最后落在4个最高点上,它们像4座灯塔一样闪闪发光。

当这些高楼的影子映在塞纳河之中的时候,光的流体就漫过广场了。

一个都市空间什么能比一个步行人广场更有都市性和更有大众性呢?空间创造的使命可以让我们充分保护这个区域的未来,同时,它还操纵着其发展方向,提出许多重要的建筑要求,而这些要求正是我们从巴黎的大型广场中可以领会到的。

一个广场是一片被划定的空间;它是一个连续不断的系统:它把门廊、带顶棚的公共通道以及构成天空线的檐口高度结合为一,从而界定了这片公用的广场。

这种设置就如同一个背景幕,而非一个滨水前台。

它容纳着各种各样、变化多端的建筑脚本,而这里唯一的法则就是它们的共同作用:那种合理地烘托该机构的都市影响的作用。

法国国家图书馆的“望景楼”——楼梯这并不是通往法国国家图书馆的楼梯。

法国国家图书馆有4个立面。

西南的立面是同新建的邻近地区的直接接触点。

它也是离地铁出口最近的建筑。

从这个都市侧面可以进入法国国家图书馆,而它一旦完成就将被称为“法兰西大街”,人们可以直接由此进入那片公众空间,该空间是个几乎占据整个场地的大游憩场。

这个比河面更高的木制甲板成了一个户外“观景楼”,把塞纳河尽收眼底。

从木制楼梯庄严地走下,游客可以达到一条靠河的步行廊。

材料∶用来制造楼梯的木材是取自亚马孙古陆的IPE木材。

楼梯是在巴西制造,然后在巴黎组装的。

挑选它的原因是它的坚硬度(比柚木都硬)和它的不易腐烂的特性。

□A place, not a buildingThe grands projets of President of the RepublicFrancois Mitterrand are all closely associated witha site and a history in short, a place with a name.The Biblioth弎ue nationale de France is built on astretch of industrial wasteland on the banks of theSeine in the East End of Paris. It represents thestarting point for a complete restructuring of thisentire sector of the 13th arrondissement. Theinstitution encompasses within it an element ofgrandeur and an element of generosity. If we referourselves to the urban history of the greatmonuments that have been fundamental signs ofthe city’s thrust toward new territory, the greatestfit that it is possible to give to Paris consist, today, inoffering space, and emptiness a place that isopen, free, and stirring. Accordingly, the enormousbuilding, envisaged as a demonstration ofarchitectural emphasis and affectation, istransformed into a piece of work on the void anabsolute luxury in the city proposing to the historyof France a focus on immateriality and non-ostentation. It is this context that engendered theconcept of the project.A squ are for paris, A library for franceAn initiatory place and not some monster of abuilding, part temple and part supermarket. A placeof reference for the East End of Paris. A place thatis part and parcel of the continuity of the sequenceof large empty spaces along the Seine, like thePlace de la Concorde, the Champ de Mars, andthe Invalides. In this way, the site beside the Seinebecomes one of major importance with theactivation of this place. In an operation designedto save and redeem the place, the institutionintroduces its generosity, while the Biblioth弎uenationale de France contributes its influence andradiance. With this combination of a free and openspace, built to the scale of the capital, andhorizontality, the Biblioth弎ue nationale deFranceunfurls its breadth and volume by way of itsfour“beacon-like”markers, akin to tension-rodsor braces for the flat area between them, offeringa verticality that defines a virtual volume, which, in5.6 剖面/ Section7.8 草图/ Sketchof the complex.A symbolic placeWith its four corner towers resembling four openbooks, all facing one another, and delimiting asymbolic place, the Biblioth弎ue nationale deFrance a mythical place imposes its presenceand identity on the scale of the city by theadjustment of its four corners. These urban landmarksdevelop and enhance the idea of the “book”with a random occupation of the towers, whichpresent themselves like an accumulation of learning,of knowledge that is never complete, and of a slowbut ongoing process of sedimentation. Othercomplementary metaphors spring to mind, be theybook-towers, or silos, or vast racks with countlessshelves, or vertical labyrinths, and all theseunambiguous images converge on a powerfulidentity of these architectural objects. Theestablishment of an open square underpins thenotion of availability, as applied to treasure. It is thetowers that have helped to situate and identify thistreasure as cultural. The public space will offer adirect and natural physical contact between thesacred institution and the person in the street. Theinclusion of an “inlaid”. sunken garden rounds offthe symbolic siting of the project, offering a quietspot away from the fuss and bother of the city. Likea cloister, this tranquil, unruffled space will invitecontemplation and a flowering of intellectualendeavour.A maglc placeThis project is a piece of art, a minimalistinstallation, the“less is more”of emotion, whereobjects and the materials of which they are madecount for nothing without the light whichtranscends them. Towers, case- or sheath-likestructures of glass, with a double skin and sunfilters that multiply the reflections and magnifythe shadows; the absolute magic of thediffraction of light by means of these crystallineprisms. Nature offset, with a garden where all onesees is the foliage of the trees. “A sea of trees, afroth of leaves”. In short, the soft protection of9 模型/ Model10 立面反射/ Reflection on facade11 鸟瞰/ Birdview12 室外/Exterior13~17 室外/ Exterior18 室内/ Interior19 立面细部/ Detail of facade20 雨夜/ Rainy night21 花园/ Garden22 室内屋顶/ Interior ceiling23~26 室内/ Interior27 外景树木/ Trees28~35 室内/ Interior36 窗/ Window37.38 室内/ Interior39.42 室外透视/ Perspective40 立面反射/ Reflection of facade41 室外细部/ Exterior detailundergrowth, with its aromas and rustling sounds;reunions with oneself, and with another world.Night vision: the Biblioth弎ue nationale de Franceis set in a halo of light, emanating from the gardenand the service periphery. A diaphanous lightrises up through the interiors of the glass towers,culminating in the four topmost points, whichshimmer like four lighthouse beacons. This liquidspreads over the square, while the towers arereflected in the Seine.An urban placeWhat could be more urban and more publicthan a pedestrian square? The challenge ofcreating a void preserves the future of the district,while at the same time steering its developmentand offering conspicuous architecturalrequirements, such as can be learnt from the greatsquares of Paris. A square is a space that is lined orhemmed; a system of continuous structures-combining porches, covered walks, and a corniceheight forming a skyline-delimits the public place.This setting acts as a backdrop, not a waterfrontforeground. It accommodates diverse and variedarchitectural scripts, the sole rule being their sharedrole of accompanying, in their own right, theinstitution’s urban influence.Bibliothe nationale de france “Belvedere”-StairsThese are not the access stairs to theBiblioth弎ue nationale de France (B.N.F).The B.N.F. has 4 fa峚des as all other buildings.The south-west fa峚de is the one in direct contactwith the newly built neighbourhood. It is also thenearest to the Underground exit. Arriving to the BNFfrom this urban side, which once it is completed, willbe called the Avenue de France, one enters directlyon the public open space, the big esplanade whichoccupies nearly the entire site. This wooden deck,at a higher level than the river, becomes an open“belved弐e”overlooking the Seine.A solemn descent on the wooden stairs invitesthe visitor to a promenade next to the river.MATERIAL:The wood which was used for theconstruction of the stairs is the IPE wood broughtfrom the Amazonia. It was manufactured in Braziland assembled in Paris. It was chosen for itsresistance (harder than teak wood) and non rottingqualities.□。

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