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英美法律制度

英美法律制度班级:法学081902班柳雨彤:200819010215马立国:200819010217宁旭杰:200819010219肖扬:200819010232AbstractThe tendency of very personal works constitute a strong narrative tone, justice and injustice as early in the proceedings before sentencing were pronounced, which also coincide with the runaway jury trial. If you look at the legal position in the literary story, and to avoid the default of the standard, the so-called "heroes - the role of justice," it is hard to make people agree, Nicholas and Marlee in order to get a significant amount of money, the two schemed , followed by tobacco companies for compensation cases (Before this, tobacco companies have won eight lawsuits seeking compensation) traveled all over the country, Nicholas disguise, a number of changes of the name, as was the case into the jury is , when he successfully entered after the jury, and should be foreign joint within Marlee, using intimidation, false accusation, and other means to successfully poison the jury excluded the alien force to control the jury. It can be said, as a justice on behalf of Nicholas and Marlee are also engaged in criminal acts. However, literature and the law of sight deviation occurs, the emotional logic of the rational alternative to the logic of law, the standard in the literature is another interpretation, the legal basis of the narrative system lost the possibility of self-justified. 1The point is that the legal system to the existing capacity (conservative) for the continued maintenance of general order and coherence, and to act as a restraint system requirements, the law of changing human nature is yet to utter a matter of fact, in the In this sense, as the ethical, moral and emotional factors seem to be so cold and rational to exclude the law out law to a system of iron face appears, without a trace of tenderness. But the solemn faces of the law is needed in a society full of ways of the world carried out by other means the conversion of discourse, this discourse through the conversion (probably not too accurate, legal education will "debate" into "you can fight, but not curse "), more ordinary people to be a relatively convenient from the perspective of the" reading order "(to borrow Mr. Su Li's a title), the modern rule of1柳雨彤:200819010215宁旭杰:200819010219law, the process should include such a conversion mechanism, because" a rational and legal rules and concepts of science in society, operating moment without emotional (and sexy) image and music interpretation. "The literature (novels, plays, essays, etc.) to a large extent during with an external perspective of legal interpretation. In this explanation of laws into the law will have to be "Joking" in danger of direct access to audiences in the ethical awareness, emotional tendencies and compassion based on the literature provides a vivid scenes and has a typical specific human script. Known and therefore the law has a variety of perspective. 22宁旭杰:200819010219柳雨彤:200819010215诉讼竞技主义与司法公正美国影片《疯狂陪审团》,是一部全景体现美国司法审判程序和陪审团制度的影片,影片内容在此时无需赘述的。

现仅就其中的一些法律思想和感触发表一些言论。

众所周知,美国作为判例法国家,判例对于司法及法律的作用是非常巨大的,所以一个案例的胜败不仅关系到一个当事人或律师的切身利益,而且同时还能影响司法和日后相似案例的判决。

也正基于此,作为一个相对来说世界上最包容和开明的国家,美国能够包容律师有足够的空间来施展自己的本领,这在我们的国家是不敢想象的,当然这并不是说在美国律师是可以不择手段去赢取诉讼。

这是任何一个法治国家所不允许的。

之所以要强调美国的诉讼竞技主义,还因为美国一直恪守着陪审团制度,如果美国不存在陪审团制度而只凭法官的审判,那么恐怕诉讼竞技主义这个概念都很难产生。

因为从我们所知的情况来看,美国法官可没有中国法官这么容易对付,当然这要排除行政权力的因素。

我们知道美国的法官起码是从事了好多年的法律工作,主要还是律师工作的,最主要的是他们要拥有良好的社会评价并且被认为是足够公正而且适合于做法官的,这样一来可以想象律师在法官这里是讨不到便宜的,所以他们要争取陪审团。

从陪审团的挑选到找到每一个成员的详细的情况并区别对待,这是一个工作量浩大的事情,同时还有搜集证据及法庭辩论的常规工作。

在这样的诉讼中要想赢得胜诉是需要做出很多工作的,律师所做的就是在法律允许的范围内争取更多胜算,及时足够多的陪审员能够站在自己的一边,甚至是为此不择手段。

当然这不完全是美国的诉讼竞技主义,因为真正的竞技首先是合法的。

3《疯狂陪审团》之中所展现的案例是一个极具代表性和意义重大的案例,因为他关系到枪支问题,这是一根敏感的神经,当一个案例最具有悬念和挑战性的时候,当陪审团的判决或许能成就一个新的案例的时候,这时的诉讼竞技主义才具有更加深远的含义,这也是为什么这部影片能受到好评的原因。

当然这里不仅仅是评判这部电影,而是引发了我们另一个角度的思考:即诉讼竞技主义与司法3肖扬:200819010232马立国:200819010217公正的关系,在这部影片的案例中我们认为最后的判决是公正的,但并不代表所有这样的判决都是公正的,陪审团制度作为一种司法制度是有利也有弊的,他的初衷或许是为了防止法官的独断专行进而实现所谓司法的民主,他是权力制衡观念的产物,但我们在颂扬他的同时不能忽视它的缺憾,尤其是作为法科的学生,我们更不能想不懂法律的人或是对法律只是一知半解的人那样简单的去推崇这样的一种制度,我们要做一个法律的考评。

我们知道法律的最终价值在于公正,只有公正的法律和公正的判决才是法律得以长盛不衰的原因。

作为独立于道德和宗教的另一种社会规范,法律有其自身的评价体系和价值观,在法律作为一种不可替代的社会规范的现今,司法应当担负起最大限度的实现社会公正的职责。

陪审团制度的设计初衷是好的,可是我们却不得不看到陪审团是在很大程度上受到诉讼竞技主义的左右,如果这种左右是能够产生公正判决的,那么我们尚且还能忍受,可是我们也开始担心于此相反的情形了,那就是当这些没有法律知识并且也不可能有法律思想而只凭借所谓的一颗公平正义的心去评判案件的人是很容易被人利用的。

藉于此我要说,看来我们并不能去完全的相信那样的结果是公正的,美国的法官是足够可以独任审判的,当然在一些案件中正是这样处理的。

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