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:应用翻译 2012年11. 25月


1) 应用翻译,或称实用翻译,国外的提法有 “practical translation”, “applied translation”或 “pragmatic translation”。其中,“pragmatic translation” 也可指一种方法,即语用翻译法 (pragmatic approach)——译者通过语用分析,把源 语文化的内涵,用符合译语语用习惯的译文表达出 来。……应用翻译以传递信息为主要目的(同…应用翻译范围较广,包括 人们日常接触和实际应用的各类文字,涉及对外宣传、 社会生活、生产领域、经营活动等方方面面,但不包 括文学及纯理论文本。
“第二次世界大战结束以来,出于实际需要,商 业、外交、科技方面的翻译蓬蓬勃勃地兴起来,其 声势甚至超过文学翻译,从而构成西方现代翻译发 展的一个主要内容”,“商业、外交、科技等专业 和事物性翻译规模空前” (谭载喜, 2004: 160) , which tells us how the pragmatic translation develops in the western countries. While in China, especially after the reform and opening-up, pragmatic translation also booms with many translation departments of public corporations, multi-nationals and government department( 企业、跨国公司、政府部门的翻译部 门), whose work covers the translation of scitech literature ( 科 技 文 献 ), economic and commercial documents ( 经 贸 文 书 ) , official documents( 官 方 文 件 ), publicities( 公 共 宣 传 品 ), advertisements( 广 告 ), etc., offering a good opportunity for the development of pragmatic translation in China.
• 1. 1 Definitions of pragmatic translation
Pragmatic Translation generally refers to the translation that deals with all types of writing with a practical style and function for a practical use or purpose (oral interpreting will not be dealt with in this course but mainly with written translation), some more specific definitions of which are as follows:
Examples:
• 1) We suggest that you draw on us at sight through your bank and we will honor it on presentation. [In business English, there are some words or phrases are endowed with some special means different from daily language, such as “offer”(not“提供” but “报盘”), “quotation” (not“引语”but“报价单”), “negotiation”(not“谈 判”but“议付”)、“policy”(not“政策”but“保 单”)、“coverage”(not“覆盖”but“投保”)、 “underwriter”(not“签署人”but“水险商”).In the above example, the underlined words are the same endowed some special meaning in business]: 建议你方通过你方银行向我方开出即期汇票,
Questions:
• (1) What is pragmatic translation? • (2) What’s the difference between pragmatic translation and literal translation? • (3) Why shall the pragmatic translation require a translator to have some professional knowledge? Without it, what will happen?
• 4) [Tourist brochure] 这儿的峡谷又是另一番景象: 谷中急水奔流,穿峡而过。两岸树木葱笼,鲜花繁茂, 碧草萋萋,活脱脱一幅生机盎然的天然风景画。各种 奇峰异岭,令人感受各异,遐想万千。 It is another gorge through which a rapid stream flows. Trees, flowers and grass, a picture of natural vitality, thrive on both banks. The weird peaks arouse disparate thoughts.

应用翻译包括政府文件、告示、科 技论文、新闻报道、法律文书、商贸信 函、产品说明书、使用手册、广告、技 术文本、科普读物、旅游指南等各类文 本。应用翻译的服务面广,原本主要由 专家、编辑、记者写给外行看的 (specialist/editor/journalist to layman) 。 (方梦之,“我国的应用翻译:定位 与学术研究”,中国翻译,2003/6)
• 3) [Authoritical statements] 要集中全国人民的智 慧和力量,聚精会神搞建设,一心一意谋发展。 We will pool the wisdom and strength of the people of the whole country and concentrate on construction and development.
2) 关于应用文本的范围(广外曾立沙教授): 应用类文本可分为法规和成文法类应用文本(Texts of Rules and Regulations, TRR)和对外宣传类应用文本 (Practical Texts for Foreign Recipients, PTFR)两大 类,前者包括法律、合同、政策条文等文本,后者指宣传介 绍或公告类文本及商务文本,包括各级政府新闻发布会的信 息通告、我国政治经济、文化教育等发展状况的对外介绍、 投资指南、旅游指南、城镇/乡村/企业/公司介绍、各种大型 国际性活动宣传、企业产品/服务广告宣传、商务函电/商务 单证表格等。 不同类型的文本有其不同的特征。如宣传类文本不同于 文学文本和成文法类文本或科技文本的翻译。就中文宣传类 文本的翻译而言,有三个显著特征,一是信息特征强,故将 译文读者视为信息受众更合适;二是注重宣传的社会效应; 三是许多中文对外宣传类文本自身存在诸多不足。这类文本 范围较广,目前,这类文本翻译的社会需求很大,也显得日 益重要,但在中译外的翻译实践中存在的问题也最多。
2) [Ad] You will notice how kind new Sanara is to your hair. See it. Fee it. Sanara’s naturally derived formulations bring out the shine and smoothness in your hair, leaving it manageable and healthy. You won’t actually see how kind Sanara is to the environment, but it’s nice to know that the whole range is biodegradable, so it doesn’t pollute water or soil. And naturally, the packing is recyclable. • (1)(packaging instruction)沙拉娜是由天然配方精 制而成,能使头发健康,光泽柔顺,易于梳理,沙拉 娜系列都具有生物降解特性,包装可回收利用,对水 土、环境不会造成污染。 • (2)(TV advertisement)柔情四季,沙拉娜,呵护 您的秀发,爱护您的健康,天然配方,令秀发光泽柔 顺。情有独钟,沙拉娜。生物降解,不伤水土,爱护 自然,数她第一。
• 5) [Daily notes] 乔· 沃特曼先生: 奉上手表一块,聊表敬意,务请笑纳。 乔治· 布什 1998年9月8日 September 8, 1993 Mr. George Bush with regards to Mr. Joe Waterman, requests the acceptance of a watch forward herewith. George Bush
1.2 Distinct features in Pragmatic Translation Practice
• • • • 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 Pragmatism (实用性) Professionalness(专业性) Team-work Orientation(团队性) Rush-in Orientation(突击性)
6) [essay(小品文)] 我们力求使这本刊物充满着浪漫的人文精神、 深邃的哲思和妙趣横生的智慧,同时也希望它高而不孤、博 而不杂、温柔敦厚、真率可喜,在你我之间联结温馨的友情。 设想我们长夜相对、促膝谈心,它会是几畔的一杯清茗。当 你好整以暇、细细品味,齿颊间悠远的清芬会令你回味无穷; 若你为俗务所苦,只能在匆匆之间浅啜,亦会觉到有暗香缓 缓拂过心头。 In trying to fill the journal with romantic humanism, profound philosophical thought and sparkling wit, we hope that it will be your refined--yet not aloof, erudite-yet not confusing, tender, honest, frank and pleasant friend. It is like a fragrant cup of tea that will leave you a delicate aftertaste when you leisurely savor it, or a warm, quiet fragrance in your heart with only a quick sip. (改刊寄语,《中国文学》汉英双语版,扉页,2000/1)
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