Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. 受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。 （表示原因） Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时 间） Given more time, I'll be able to do it better. 如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（ 表示条件）
④ 现在分词作时间状语（相当于 when 引导的从句），如：
Turning around, she saw a police car driving up. Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those days in Yan’an.
从句）和条件（相当于条件状语从句），如：
United, we stand; divided, we fall. (=When / If we
are united …)
Heated, water changes into steam. (=When / If water
is heated …)
Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.
7. Whether you believe it or not, it is _____ that cause you illness. A because of your overweight B you are so overweight C because you are overweihgt D your being overweight 8. All flights______ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train. A had been canceled B have been canceled C having been canceled D being canceled
3. He is a student at Oxford University,_____ for a degree in computer science. A studied B studying C to have study D to be studying 4.The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance,______ in the natural light during the day. A to let B letting C let 作状语，表示原因或理由，如：
Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note. Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her. Being so poor in those days, we couldn’t afford to send the boy to hospital.
注：如果分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生， 则要用完成形式，如： Having worked among the peasants for many years, he knew them very well.
Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter. Having lived in Berlin many years, he knew the city well.
2.常用done 的情况：compared to/with, given...;及短语 be seated, be dressed, be located, be situated, be lost( in), be engaged (in), be addicted to, be occupied with, be devoted to...作状语时， 保留其过去分词。 Engaged in his business, the man has not returned home for 3 weeks.
⑤ 现在分词作状语还可以表示结果、条件和让步， 如： Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five children. (结果) The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus causing the delay. (结果) Working hard, you will succeed. (条件) Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the site. (条件) Weighing almost one hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone. (让步)
现在分词与过去分词作状语的判断： 一：分析法 即根据分词所表示的动作与句子的主语的关系 来判断，是主谓关系的就用doing;/having done; 是动宾关系的就用done/having been done 例如： Having wasted a lot of time, the boy realized he had to work hard at his lessons. Having been told many times, he still couldn’t understand it.
Practice 1.The prisoner(罪犯),____ the guard and run away, was caught the next days. A killed B. killing C having killed D being killed by 2. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless______ every day. A watered B watering C water D to water
过去分词短语表示原因（相当于一个原 因状语从句），如： The children, exhausted, fell asleep at once. He soon fell asleep, exhausted by the journey. (= as he was exhausted…)
过去分词短语有时可以表示时间（相当于时间状语
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy. 虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命 危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步） Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进 山洞。
二、过去分词短语作状语，可以修饰谓语，说 明动作发生的背景或情况，如： Built in 1192, the bridge is over 700 years old. Led by the party, the people have improved their living conditions greatly. Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the room. The trainer appeared, followed by six little dogs.
9. _____ the old houses, they built a beautiful garden in that area. A Pulled down B Having pulled down C Pulling down D To pull down 10 Thousands of people have been moving to Shenzhen since 1992, its population_____ to over 10,000,000. A increasing B increased C has increased D has been increased
注意：a. 分词表示的必须是主语的一个动作；b. 分词 表示的动作和谓语表示的动作（或状态）是同时发生 的；c. 分词表示的是比较次要的动作，对谓语表示的 动作或状态加以说明；d. 大部分放在谓语之后；e. 分 词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗号隔开。 ② 现在分词作状语，表示行为方式或手段（这类状语 可以放在句首，也可以放在句末，有时还可以放在句 中。其他参考上述a-c），如： Following the guide, they started to climb.
二：记忆法 1.常用doing的情况：judging by/from...(根据...来 判断)，generally/Frankly speaking,及形容词化的 现在分词表示令人...的（句子的主语通常为某 物）：discouraging, interesting, inviting, puzzling, astonishing, shocking, surprising, exciting, confusing, disappointing,...。 Always confusing, the twins’ appearances were hard to tell apart.
5. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work_____, he gladly accepted it. A finished B finishing C having finished D was finished. 6. ____in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A Having lost B Lost C Being lost D Losting