Grammar Point 1
Participles as Adverbials
I. Participles
1、作为谓语，现在分词和be 一起构成进行时；过去 分词和be一起构成被动语态，和have一起构成完成 时。例如：
1) I am reading a novel by Maupassant.
3) Tom will never do this unless he was forced.
Tom will never do this unless forced.
4) She has been quite different since she came back from America. She’s been quite different since coming back from America.
4) Being a student, he was interested in sports. = As he was a student, he was interested in sports. 5) Inspired by Dr. Yang’s speech, Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder. = As they were inspired by Dr. Yang’s speech, Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder. 6) While reading the newspaper, father nodded from time to time. = While he was reading the newspaper, father nodded from time to time.
Exercise: Change the adverbial clause in each of the following sentences into a participial phrase.
1. Tom felt tired, so he went to bed at once. 2. I had worked for a long time, so I felt very tired. 3. John put on his raincoat because he saw that it was raining. 4. As he was stepping carelessly off the pavement, he was knocked down by the bus. 5. As she had been there many times, she knew the place quit well. 6. As he was caught on the spot, the thief admitted his crime.
3.状语从句转化为分词短语做状语
1) When she saw nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note. Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note. 2) The secretary worked late into the night, as he was preparing a speech for the president. The secretary worked late into the night, preparing a speech for the president.
2) The old days are gone. (表语) 3) Walking along the sands, Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a man’s foot. (状语) = While he was walking along the sands, Crusoe … 1) I had my hair cut yesterday. (宾语补足语)
II. Participles as Adverbials
1. 分词和分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、 行为方式等意义。表示时间和原因的分词短语相当于 对应的状语从句。例如: 1) Seeing the teacher entering the room, the students stood up. = When the students saw the teacher entering the room, they stood up. 2) Heated, the Metal expands. = The metal expands if /when it is heated. 3) Being excited, I couldn’t go to sleep. = As I was excited, I couldn’t go to sleep.
（过去分词和be 一起表示主语是动作的承受者。）
2、作为非谓语形式，分词可用作形容词和副词，在句子 中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。但它仍保持动词的一 般特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语。 分词和自己的宾语、状语构成分词短语。 1) The question being discussed seems important.(定语) = The question which is being discussed seems important.
3) Because he was tired of the noise, he closed the window. Tired of the noise, he closed the window. 4) After they had watered the vegetables, they began to pick up the apples.
（现在分词和be 一起表示主语正在进行的动作。） 2) Mr. Robinson has drunk five glasses of wine already. （过去分词和have 一起表示主语已经完成的动作。） 3) The gold fish bowl was broken by Xiao Tao just now.
Having watered the vegetables, they began to pick up the Apples.
5) After he finished the work, he packed his tools and left. Having finished the work, he packed his tools and left.
7) Having failed three times, he didn’t want to try again. = As he had failed three times, he didn’t want to try again.
2.分词短语做状语的原则： 1)现在分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时 发生、意思是主动的。 2)过去分词的动作在谓语动作之前发生，且及 物动词的过去分词意思是被动的。 3)现在分词做状语时，该动作是由句子的主语 发出的。 4)过去分词做状语时，该动作是施加到句子主 语上的。
注意：分词做状语时，根据表意需要，前Байду номын сангаас会保 留引起状语从句的连词。
1) After I ate my dinner quickly, I went to see Jim off. After eating my dinner quickly, I went to see Jim off.
2) Though the engine was built before the Second World War, it is still in good condition. Though built before the Second World War， the engine is still in good condition.