实用标准文案英语单词的各种变化规则一、名词复数变化:( 一)规则变化情况构成方法例词读音desk → desks-s 在清辅音后发map → maps/s/一般情况在词尾加 -sday →days-s 在元音和浊辅girl → girls音后发 /z/bus →buses以 s, x, ch , sh 结尾box → boxes在词尾加 -es-es发 /iz/音的词watch→ watchesfish → fishesfamily→ families以辅音字母加-y 结尾变 y 为 i 再加 -es factory→factories-ies发 /iz/音的词party → patriesday →days以元音字母加-y 结尾在词尾加 -s boy → boys-s 发 /z/ 音的词key → keysknife → knives变 f 或 fe 为 v 再加life → lives以 f 或 fe 结尾的词-ves发 /vz/音-es wife →wiveshalf → halvespotato→ potatoes以辅音字母加-o结在词尾加-es tomato→tomatoes-es发/z/音尾的词hero → heroes以元音字母加-o结radio → radios在词尾加-s-s 发 /z/ 音尾的词zoo → zoos注:以 ce,se,ze,(d)ge 等结尾的词加–s读 /iz/license-licenses 巧记以 f\fe 结尾的可数名词复数1)妻子骑牛拿起刀, wife , calf ,knife ↑2)追得贼狼满街跑, thief , wolf→→→变 f 或 fe 为 v ,再加 es3)碰倒架子丧己命, shelf,self ,life ↓4)手帕树叶半空飘。
handkerchief,leaf,half↓(二)名词复数的不规则变化:1 . child →children(儿童)man→ men(男人)woman→ women(女人)an Englishman→two Englishmen(英国人)foot→ feet(脚)tooth→ teeth(牙)mouse → mice (老鼠) ox→oxen(公牛)goose→ geese(鹅)2.单复同形deer , sheep , fish ,Chinese , Japanese , Swiss , species , means除人民币,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。
如:a dollar,two dollars; a meter,two meters3.集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
( Correctness:a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss)( Error :a people, a police,a cattle)表示国民总称时,作复数用。
( The Chinese are industrious and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
)4 .以 s 结尾,仍为单数的名词1)maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。
2)news 是不可数名词。
5.表示由两部分构成的东西,glasses (眼镜)trousers(长裤)clothes (衣服)若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair (对,双) a pair of glasses ,two pairs oftrousers\suit(套)6 .另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思goods (货物)waters(水域)fishes(各种鱼)练习:写出下列各词的复数I _________him _________this ___________her ______watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______day________foot________book_______dress ________tooth_______sheep ______box________strawberry _____ thief _______fish______peach______sandwich ______man______woman_______paper_______juice___________water________milk________rice__________tea__________二、序数词变化规则(一)一般化规则:基数词+th →序数词(规则变化)four( 四)→ fourth( 第四)six( 六)→sixth( 第六)seven( 七)→ seventh (第七)ten( 十)→ tenth (第十)eleven( 十一) eleventh →(第十一)(二) ** 不规则变化的one( 一)→ first( 第一)twenty-one→ twenty-first two( 二)→ second( 第二)three( 三)→ third( 第三 )five (五)→ fifth (第五)eight (八)→ eighth( 第八)fifty-eight→ fifty-eighth nine( 九)→ ninth (第九)twelve( 十二)→ twelfth( 第十二)(三)从 13 — 19 的基数词,都在个位数后加teen 构成14→fourteen15→fifteen16→sixteen17→seventeen18→eighteen19→nineteen(四)整十的序数词,变y 为 ie 再加 th20 twenty→ twentieth第二十30 thirty→thirtieth第三十40 forty → fortieth第十四50 fifty →fiftieth第五十60 sixty →sixtieth第六十70 seventy →seventieth第七十80 eight → eightieth第八十90 ninety →ninetieth第九十(五)分数的表达:分子用:基数词分母用:序数词特别要注意:当分子大于 1 时,分母要用:复数1/2 one second ; a half;1/4 a quarter;3/4three quarters7/8 seven eighths3/5 three fifths(六)加减乘除表达a decimal number小数a fraction分数a percentage百分数a odd number奇数an even number偶数degrees度数1)加:and; plus; add to2+4=6Two and four is/equals six.或 Two plus four is/equals six.或 Two added to four equals six.2) 减: minus ;subtract from8-3=5Eight minus three is/equals five.或 Three subtracted from eight is five.3)乘: multiply...by;multiplied by /times 3 ×5=15Multiply three by five is/equals fifteen.或 Three multiplied by five is/equals fifteen.4) 除: divide by.../divide ...by... 24÷8=3Twenty-four divided by eight is/equals three.或 Divide 24 by 8 is /equals three.三.形容词比较级和最高级的变化规则:1.一般在词尾加 er/est ;2.以字母 e 结尾,加 r/st ;3. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er/st;原级比较级最高级slim slimmer slimmestbig bigger biggesthot hotter hottestfat fatter fattestthin thinner thinnestwet wetter wettestred redder reddestsad sadder saddest4.以“辅音字母 +y ”结尾,先把 y 变 i ,再加 er/st5.多音节词 .和部分双音节词,在单词前面加 more 或 mostimportant more important most importantdifficult more difficult most difficultinteresting more interesting most interestinguseful more useful most usefulbeautiful more beautiful most beautiful6.不规则形容词比较级:原级比较级最高级good/well better best实用标准文案many/much more mostlittle less leastold older/elder oldest/eldestred redder reddestfar further/farther furthest /farthest写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级old__________young________tall_______long________ short________strong________big________small_______ fat_________thin__________heavy______light________ nice________good_________beautiful____________________ high_________slow_______fast________low______ late__________early_________far_________well_______四.动词第三人称单数变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加 -s ,如: cook-cooks, milk-milks2.以 s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾,加 -es ,如: guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3 .以“辅音字母 +y ”结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加 -es ,如: study-studies写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink ________go _________stay ________make ________ look _________have_______pass_______carry ________实用标准文案come________watch______plant_______fly __________ study_______brush________do_________teach________五.动词现在分词加ing的变化规则1 .一般情况下,直接加ing ,如:cook-cooking2 .以不发音的 e 结尾,去 e 加 ing ,如: make-making, taste-tasting3.以 ie 结尾的动词,把 ie 变为 y 再加 ing 。