Romantic periodCame from two great shapers of thought1.rousseau’s du contrat social and emile2.thomas paine’s declaration of right of manTime: from1798 the publication of wordsworth and coleridge’s lyrical ballads to 1832 scott’s death and the passage of first reform bill in the parliamentThe romantic focus on following things:Stong imagnationgIndividual feelingsReturn to natureBeing nationalistic文学思想：1.constitudes a change of direction from attention to the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of human spirit.社会文明的外部世界与人类精神的内部世界的转变2.litery and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and all experience.文学和哲学理论倾向于把个人思想作为所有生活和经历的中心。
3.poetry writing, the writers employed new theories and innovated new techniques.preface acts as a manifesto for the new school.强调新理论和创作新手法，序言作为新学派的里程碑。
4.not only extol the faculty of imagination, but also elevate the concepts of spontaneity and inspiration.不仅要称颂想象的作用，也要重视自发和联想的概念。
5.regarded nature as the major source of poetic imagery and the dominant subject.自然是诗歌想象的主要资源也是永恒的主题6.romantics also tend to the nationalistic.大多具有民族主义PoemsBalke,wordsworth,coleridge,byron,shelley and keats are the major romatic poets.EssayWilliam hazlitt ia a great critic on shakespeare and english drama and poetry romanticism.Jane austen and walter scott are major novelist of romanticism.1.william blakeFirst inportant romantic poetPoetical sketches is a collection of youthful verse, joy,laughter,love and harmony are the prevailing notes.Childhood is the central concern in the songs of innocence and songs of experience.The tone of songs of innocence is happy.A lovely volume of poems,presenting a happy and innocent world, though not without its evils and sufferings.The tone of songs of experience is doleful.Paints a different world, a world of misery,poverty,disease,war and repression with a melancholy tone.The marriage of heaven and posed during the climax of the french revolution and plays the double role both as a stire and revolutionary prophecy. 写作特色Blake writes a plain and dircet language;Blake’s poes often have the lyric beauty and immense compression of meaning.Symbolism in wide range is a distinctive feature of blake’s poetry.2.william wordsworthWith cloeridge collaborated on a book of poem entitled lyricak ballads,in 1798.Lake poets are robert southery, coleridge and wordsworth. Autobiographical narrative-resolution and independence.Short poems classified two groups: poems about nature and poems about human life.The sparrow’s nest, to a skylark, to the cuckoo and to a butterfly are just a few examples to show his genuine love for the natural beauty,I wandered lonely as a cloud, an evening walk, my heart leaps up and tintern abbey are all masterpieces on nature,Common life is the only subject of literary interest,The thorn , the sailor’s mother, the affliction of margaret and the old cumberland geggar are in the presence of poverty, crime,insanity,mined innocence,solitary anguish,and even despair.The solitary reaper and to a highland girl ues rural figures to suggest the timeless mystery of sorrowful humanity and its radiant beauty.Prelude to him , life is a cyclical journey, its beginning turn out to be its end, His philosophy of life is presented in his masterpiece the prelude.创作理论A.the using of everyday language spoken by the common peopleB.all good poetry is spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings recollected intranquility.C.The humble and rustic life as subject matter.写作特色Deliberate simplicity and refusal to decorate the experience produced a kind of pure and profound poetry which no other poet has ever equaled.3.percy bysshe shelleyThe necessity of atheism 无神论的必要导致他被学校开除以及被他固执的父亲剥夺了继承权Ode to liberty , ode to naples, sonnet: england in 1819 all expressed his love to freedom and his hatred toward tyranny.Men of england is not only a war cry calling upon all working people to rise up against their political oppressors, but an address to them pointing out the intolerable injustice of economit exploitationLyricsThe cloud, shelly created a platonic symbol of the spirt of man, a force ofbeauty and regenration.To a skylark, the bird ,suspended between reality and poetic image, pours forth an exultant song which suggest to the poet both celestial rapture and human limitation.Adonais is a elegy for keats which shelly believed had been hastened by hostile reviews.Ode to the west wind, written in the terza rima(三行诗节隔局押韵)，expressed his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom the reality.Four-act poetic drama, prometheus unbound, as his the most perfect of my products,exultant work in praise of humankind’s petential,A defense of poetry major prose essay.写作特色Shelly is an intense and original lyrical poet in the english language.His poems are full of classical and mythological allusions, so he has a reputation as a diffcult poet.His style abounds in personification and metaphor and other figures of speech. He describes vividly what we see and feel, or express what passionately move us.4.jane austen创作主题Austen’s main literary concern is about human being in their personal relationships, has universal significance.Preoccupied with the relationship between man and woman in love.As a relistic writer she considers her duty to express in her works a discriminated and serious criticism of life.6部作品分为两个时期,第一时期从1795-1798。