Unit 4一．知识点词汇：1. phenomenon n. pl phenomena 现象An eclipse of the moon is a rare phenomenon.Bankruptcy is a common phenomenon in an economic recession.2. glance vi. look quickly at (sb./sth.) n. a quick lookglance at = take a glance at 匆匆一看；扫视stare at 盯着看；凝视glare at 瞪着眼看；怒目而视；怒视She glanced shyly at the young fellow from behind.They stood glaring at each other as if they were enemies.3. decrease vt.&vi. become smaller or fewer;diminish;reducedecrease/reduce…to/by…减小，降低到（了）；反义increaseStudent numbers have decreased by/to 500.Interest in the sport is decreasing.4. exist vi. 存在existence n.存在生存came into existence产生Does life exist on other planets?Few of these monkeys still exist in the world.Pakistan came into existence as an independent country after the war.5.. supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. for/to sb.提供/供应某物给某人provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb.offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.1) The school supplies books for/to the children.2) We are here to provide a service for the public.6. compare…to…把……比作compare…with…把……和……比较compared with/to与……相比（在句中常作状语）compare with与某人/物相比People often compare children to flowers.If you compare her work with his,you‟ll find hers is better.Compared with/to many women, she was indeed very fortunateThis can‟t compare with that.7. come about发生come across偶然遇到come out出版，（花）开Please tell me how the accident came about,I‟m still in the dark.8. build up 树立，逐步建立；增加；增进（健康）；集结build up one‟s health增进健康build up a good reputation/fame树立良好的声誉；Traffic is building up.车辆在增多1) This built up my hope after the interview.9. keep on sth/doing sth 继续/坚持做某事表动作的反复，有停顿keep doing sth一直不断地做某事表动作的持续，无停顿1) Though it was raining, they kept on working until it was finished. 2) I kept standing in the trainall the way..keep ….from….stop…. (from)….prevent…(from)….You should clean your room to keep it from getting dirty.你应该打扫房间以保持干净。

Keep doing 继续keep out 挡住使进不去keep up with 跟上What do you think green house gases do?你认为温室气体有什么作用呢?10.. on the whole = in the main =in the abstract大体上，基本上，总的来说as a whole总体上，作为一个整体看待On the whole, I am in favor of the idea.11. make a difference有关系，有影响，有重要性make some/no/any/not much/a great deal of difference（to…）颇有/没有/有些/没有多大/有很大影响（关系）The rai n didn‟t make much difference to the game.It makes no difference whether you go today or tomorrow.12. make sense (of)有道理；有意义；讲得通；明白；是明智的1) This sentence doesn‟t make sense.2) Can you make sense of the poem?3) It makes sense to buy the most up-to-date version.13. put up with = stand = bear = stand for忍受，容忍1) We had to put up with the inconvenience.10. so long as = as long as 只要；既然,由于1) You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.2) So long as there is a demand for these drugs, the financial incentive for drug dealers will be there.14. up to as many as 多达;up till直到;胜任;正在干,从事着1) I can take up to four in my car.2) Up to now he has been very quiet.3) He‟s not up to the job.4) What‟s she up to?15.consume v.---- consumer (n.).1 消耗,花费;耗尽She consumed most of her time in reading.2吃完,喝光The kids soon consumed all the food on the table. 孩子们一会儿功夫便把桌上的食品全部吃光。

3 使全神贯注,使着迷+withThe boy was consumed with curiosity. 那男孩充满好奇心。

16.as … as one can = as … as possiblePlease come here as soon as possible.= Please come here as soon as you can..as many as 多达as long as 长达,只要as far as远至,就…而论as well as 和…一样好,也,和as early as 早在parecompare to/ with: 与…相比Compared to/with many women, she was indeed very fortunate.compare A with B：相比（不同）If you compare her work with his, you will findhers is much better.compare A to B：把A比作BPoets have compared sleep to death.A teacher's work is often compared to a candle.The poet compares his lover to a rose in his poems.Compared to ten years ago, the carbon dioxide content over this decade has gone up rapidly. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is compared to the glass of greenhouse.Compared with is similar toPeople often compare teachers to gardeners. 人们经常把老师比做园丁。

That probably doesn‟t sound very much to you or me but it is a rapid increase.compared to most natural changes 与大多数的自然变化相比18.There is no doubt that ….毫无疑问….There is no doubt that he can come on time.doubt的宾语从句,肯定句whether / if / that 否定句thatHe doubted whether they would be able to help.He never doubted that they would win the game.beyond / without doubt无疑地It is human activity that…原句：My teacher did the experiment in the lab yesterday morning with me.强调主语：It was my teacher that did the experiment in the lab yesterday morning with me.强调宾语It was the experiment that my teacher did in the lab yesterday morning with me.强调时间状语It was yesterday morning that my teacher did the experiment in the lab with me.强调地点状语It was in the lab that my teacher did the experiment yesterday morning with me.强调方式状语It was with me that my teacher did the experiment in the lab yesterday morning. not …until…I didn‟t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.It was until she took off her da rk glasses that I didn‟t realize she was a famous film star.(错)It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.(对)强调句的一般疑问句句型：Is/Was+被强大的部分+that/who/whom+句子的其他部分？特殊疑问句强调句句型的构成：特殊疑问词+be+it+that+句子的其他部分（用陈述语序）例如：Did he help you with your English study last week?Was it he that helped you with your English study last week?When did you receive the gift?When was it that you received the gift?19．Without the …green house effect‟，the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is.如果没有温室效应，地球会比现在冷33℃▲这是一个含蓄虚拟条件句=If there were no “green house effect”, the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is.But for electricity (= If there were no electricity)，there would be no modem industry．要是没有电，就不会有现代工业。