正文展开方法：列举法用来列举一系列的原因、方法等等，使文章层次分明，眉清目秀，阅卷老师在疲惫不堪的状态下，看到这样的文章，往往会有种在清澈的小溪边小憩片刻的感觉，手一抬，分就高。

下面这篇例文写的是“健身的几种方法”，脉络一目了然。

例文如下：There are a number of ways for us to keep fit. First, no matter how busy we are, we should have exercise every day to strengthen our muscles. Second, it is important to keep good hours. For example, if we are in the habit of going to bed early and getting up early, we can avoid overworking ourselves and get enough sleep. Finally, entertainment is also necessary so that we may have some moments of relaxation. If we follow those instructions, we will certainly be in good health.正文展开方法：因果法The hamburger is the most popular food item in the United States. Every year Americans consume billions of them. They are sold in expensive restaurants and in humble diners. They are cooked at home on the kitchen stove or over a barbecue grill in the backyard. Why are they so popular?First, a hamburger is extremely easy to prepare. It is nothing more than a piece of ground beef, cooked for a few minutes. Then it is placed in a sliced bun. Nothing could be simpler. Even an unskilled cook can turn out hundreds of them in an hour. Besides that, the simple hamburger can be varied in many ways. You can melt some cheese on top of the beef to create a cheeseburger.003 正文展开方法：例证法正文展开方法：例证法这是议论文最常用的方法，尽量找最能体现观点的例子，具体点，微观点，给人说服力。

请看下面作者论证“不劳无获”的观点，用的是拳击运动的例子。

例文如下：The saying “No pains, no gains” is universally accepted because of the plain yet philosophical moral teaches: if one wants to achieve something, he has to work and tolerate more than others. The saying is true of any pursuit man seeks. A case in point is boxing. While we heap cheers on the winner, fewhappen to imagine that his gold belt is won at the cost of his sweat, tears, blood, even life over years before the arrival of that exciting moment.过渡词的使用：过渡词——附加信息过渡词——展现事例过渡词——时间过度过渡词——强调原因过渡词——强调结果过渡词——阐明目的过渡词——阐明目的过渡词——表示转折过渡词——比较对照过渡词练习过渡词练习1Ecology is the science of how living creatures and plants exist together and depend on each other on the local environment. Where an environment is undisturbed, the ecology of an area is in balance. __but__ if a creature is extinguished or an alien(相异的) species introduced, __then__ the ecology of the district will be upset. _____ In other words/ That is_____, the balance of nature will be disturbed.过渡词练习2Jane and Karen have many things in common. ____ To begin with_____, both girls have the same background. Jane was born and raised in the West, ___and___ so was Karen. ___Next___, both girls are interested in the same kinds of subjects. Jane likes French, history, and English. ___Similarly____, Karen likes Spanish, history, and English. ____Furthermore____, both girls want to be teachers. Jane plans to become an elementary school teacher. ____However____, Karen wishes to be a high school teacher. As you can see, the two girls are almost like twins.过渡词练习3Television presents a vivid world in front of us. ____For example____, TV can keep us informed of what is happening throughout the world. ___Also___, with a TV set at home, we can visit a great many tourist attractions in different countries. ___Besides___, TV brings various forms of entertainments to our homes such as sports competitions, concerts. The pictures on TV look so real that we feel as if the events were taking place right before our eyes.过渡词练习4If higher education is industrialized, the scales of education will be enlarged, more teachers and professors will teach in universities and colleges, ___and___ more students will study there. _____Consequently_____, the current pressure of employment will be lessened. If higher education is industrialized, the education input will rise. Teachers and professors can work with favorable remuneration(报酬) and conditions. They will be devoted to teaching, ___so/ and____we will not worry about the brain drain(智囊流失). ____Another____ favorable result is that we can grant more scholarships to students and thus those poor but excellent students could continue their education. ____In this way____, the equality in chances of education will be ensured.002 交错使用长短句交错使用长短句灵活使用多样句式善用形象化语言恰当使用英语习语长短句交错的例子I returned to my room. There was a note under my door. It was from Bob. He said he was in the town looking for a job. He hadn't found anything yet. He added that he was sorry to have missed me.When I returned to my room, I found a note from Bob under the door. He said he was in the town looking for a job, but hadn't found anything yet. He added that he was sorry to have missed me.灵活使用多样句式1既可以用主动式也可以用被动式, 例如:Today, we use machines not only in industry but in other sectors of national economy as well.Today machines are widely used not only in industry but in other sectors of national economy as well.Some people believe that it will be possible for automatic machines to replace completely in the future.It is believed by some people that it will be possible for automatic machines to replace completely in the future.灵活使用多样句式2既可以用肯定式也可以用否定式, 例如:I shall go there unless it rains.I shall go there if it doesn't rain.Their daily lives don't provide them with the exercise needed to keep them healthy.Their daily lives fail to provide them with the exercise needed to keep them healthy.灵活使用多样句式3某些修饰成分既可以用在句子前面也可以用在后面, 还可以用在中间, 例如:With a car, people can get around freely.People can get around freely with a car.In fact, speaking is one of the most important means of communication.Speaking is in fact one of the most important means of communication.灵活使用多样句式4既可以是正常语序也可以是倒装语序, 例如:A new type of TV sets was among the products on display.Among the products on display was a new type of TV sets.We did not realize the problem of energy crisis until the end of last century.Not until the end of last century did we realize the problem of energy crisis.灵活使用多样句式5既可以用简单句也可以用并列句或者主从复合句, 例如:Nowadays a lot of people work in office, spending most of their time indoors.Nowadays a lot of people work in office and they spend most of their time indoors.There are many means of getting information and they enable us to keep up with what is going on in the world.There are many means of getting information which enable us to keep up with what is going on in the world.The campus parking problem is getting worse. The university is not building any new garages.The campus parking problem is getting worse because the university is not building any new garages.课堂写作实战Craze for Civil Service Examinations1.现在有越来越多的大学毕业生报考公务员；2.引起此现象的原因；3.你的看法。