❖ Articular processes: sagittal
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1.Joints of the vertebral bodies 椎体间的连结
Intervertebral discs 椎间盘
between bodies of adjacent vertebrae, composed of: ❖ Nucleus pulpous髓核, an inner soft, pulpy, highly elastic structure (gelatinous core ) ❖ Annulus fibrosus纤维环 an outer fibrous ring consisting of fibrocartilage
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五、Normal Curves of vertebral column
❖ Cervical curvature颈曲 convex forward
❖ Thoracic curvature胸曲
convex backward
❖ Lumbar curvature腰曲 convex forward
❖ Sacral curvature骶曲 convex backward
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发生于椎管、侧隐窝和椎间孔。先天 或后天性。颈<10mm，腰<11.5mm
CT：①椎体后缘骨赘向椎管内突入。 ②侧隐窝狭窄：椎间盘退变膨出和上 下关节突肥大是其主要原因，前后径 <2mm为狭窄，2-4mm为可疑。③黄 韧带或后纵韧带肥厚、骨化。④椎体 滑脱—椎板峡部裂或椎间盘、韧带退 变。
❖ Interspinal ligament 棘间韧带
❖ Supraspinal ligament 棘上韧带
❖ Ligamentum nuchae项韧带
❖ Intertansverse ligament横突间韧
带
❖ Zygapophysial joint 关节突关节
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❖ process (7):
spinous process 棘突 transverse process 横突 sup. and inf. articular processes
上、下关节突
❖ Vertebral foramen 椎孔 ❖ Vertebral canal 椎管 ❖ Intervertebral foramen 椎间孔
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Hernia of nucleus pulpous
髓核脱出
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-10 Nhomakorabea-
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2.Joints of the vertebral arches 椎弓间的连结
MRI：征象同CT-
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椎间盘膨出
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椎间盘突出（中央型）

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椎间盘膨出（较严重，向后有突出）

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Lumbar vertebrae
❖ Vertebrae Body： larger, kidney-shape
❖ Vertebral foramen: larger and triangular
❖ Spinous processes: projects horizontally
❖ Transverse processes: long
❖ Ligamenta flava 黄韧带― elastic ligament, unite laminae of adjacent vertebrae, and complete the posterior wall of vertebral canal; tend to prevent hyperflexion of the vertebral column
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General features of vertebrae
❖ Vertebral body 椎体 ❖ Vertebral arch 椎弓
pedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根: sup. and inf. Vertebral notch 椎上、下切迹
lamina of vertebral arch 椎弓板