Comparison of the Politics in Britain and United StatesAbstract: The system that British established in 19 century has a profound effect not only on its own country’s society developments of politics and history but also on other counties’ modern institution, politics and history. British is the mother of world capitalist constitutionalism. As a powerful capitalistic country, US’system is also based on the British’s system and set a prefect system after some reforms. Even so, the systems of the two countries still have many differences. Both of the two countries have powerful political systems in the world.Keywords: constitution, party systems, electoral system1. Introduction: (political institution is superstructure, generally refers to the state power organs and the basic system which adapted with the social nature. "Political system, as same as the various systems of the human society, is the product of history development, branding with time and space.”) After the English bourgeois revolution, democratic politics was gradually established. The constitution was promulgated and constitutionalism was gradually be taken. Capitalism got a considerable development in Britain. Britain built the first set of the capitalist system, which is known as the source and model of Western political system.British and US political systems have the same theoretical basis: the principle of "separation of powers” and the theory of “human rights”; the concrete content includes the parliamentary system, the electoral system, the judicial system, and the political party system, etc; these are all considered to be the elements of "people's democracy", Regimes implemented the principles of separation of powers and check and balance and the "rule of law". And most fundamentally,as two typical representatives of capitalist countries’ political systems, Britain and USA have the same nature in the maintenance of bourgeois interests and the private capitalist system, the implementation of other aspects of bourgeois dictatorship. But in the specific political system level, they present different characteristics, the paper only compare British and American political system from three aspects of the Constitution, the party system, the electoral system.2. Comparison of constitutionsBritain is typical of countries with unwritten constitution, there is no unified, complete written form, and its constitutional system is extremely complex which is constituted by a variety of written and unwritten customary law, jurisprudence and constitutional practices constituted. British constitution can not be listed by one or several pieces of documents, nor strict distinct by the time, it lacks rigorous and explicit content, consistent and complete system。

The United States Constitution is the first written constitution in the world. In the course of its development, the United States Constitution formed the four main principles: the separation of powers and checks and balances, federalism, limited the powers of the government and judicial review.The US Constitution carried thorough the separation of powers which provide the separation of the legislative, judicial and administrative. Congress, the Federal Court and the President perform their respective duties, and the division of labor between federal, state and local governments is also very clear. Federal Court is an important weight in the separation of powers and checks and balances in the United States, in addition to the administrative function and legislative function, the most important function is the supervisory function and judicial function. Judges enjoy constitutional status and was appointed guardian to uphold the Constitution; theSupreme Court is the law enforcement agencies, judges have the final say in interpreting the Constitution and the law.The biggest difference between Britain constitution and the United States Constitution is that the Britain Constitution is a flexible constitution it can always be easily changed or modified by the parliament, while, while the United States Constitution is rigid; second, the British constitution is conservative. And the US Constitution is relatively open; third, the British constitution has continuity. This continuity depends on the continuity of the England national life. Last but not the least, the theory and practice in Britain are often not consistent with the British constitution.3. Comparison of political party systemsParty political system has a special status in Western countries; it is strongly associated with the election, parliamen t, cabinet and other systems, so Western countries’ politics is also known as the political party. As the center of social political life, Political parties join f all aspects of the political system together. As talk about the system, the United States and Britain all belongs to two-party system while they also have their own characteristics on their two-party system.Britain is the cradle of modern party politics and Britain is also a typical country who implements two-party system. There are two important political parties in Britain and they have dominated British politics for more than 100 years. First are the Tories and Whigs, then the Conservative Party and the Liberal Party, and later are the Conservatives and the Labor Party. Britain implements a parliamentary cabinet system; there are House of Lords and the House of Commons. Therefore, its political system and the House of Lords and House of Commons are connected firmly; the ruling party and the opposition party have clear boundaries in the forms. The senators of the House of Lords are not elected by election, senators of the upper house are appointed by the hereditary nobilities or the king. The senators of House of Commons are elected by election.The two major parties win the seats in the House of Commons by compete in the Campaign, Who received more seats in the cabinet; the party leader will be the prime minister and gets the government power. The party politics of the Cabinet will be the ruling party. The ruling party not only gets the real power of masters the Cabinet but also the real power of master House of Commons. Parties which lose in the election are called out-party or the opposition parties. These parties have the right and responsibility to oversight the government; there can set a "shadow cabinet." which consist with the Ministers come from all parties. (The Official Opposition (the non-government party with the largest number of elected members of Parliament —currently the Labour Party) is headed by the Shadow and is supported by numerous junior opposition frontbenchers.The Liberal Democrats, as the only other party with a large number of seats, used to call their leadership while in opposition the Liberal Democrat Frontbench Team, but during the last Labor government, they started to use the term 'Shadow Cabinet'.)Parliamentary cabinet system combines with the ruling and opposition parties in the form of clear boundaries between the two mutual restraints. The oppositions have the right and responsibility to oversight the government. Parliament is entitled to come forward Cabinet no-confidence cases, while the prime minister can also petition the King to dissolve parliament. The two major political parties are taking a centralism, whether in central government or local, every party has a sound organization; strict discipline; especially in the party for parliamentary vote, there are strict rules. Important vote in parliament, political parties will require their partymembers as a group, to vote in accordance with the intent of leaders. Or the party members will be severely punished.USA is also a typical country implement two-party system; the United States is a presidential country. Its party system is related with a democratic republic and the main activity of political parties is the presidential election. Winner in the election will be the ruling party and the loser will be the opposition. Although the senators of US Congress are elected by the election, the ruling position of the two major parties has nothing to do with the number of seats in the parliament. In the United States, if a political party wins in the presidential election and even if it fails in the congressional elections, it will not affect its ruling status. USA political parties are loose organized; there is no strict organization and discipline in the parties. America's two-party system comes from opposition between the Federal Party and the burgeoning anti-federal party, and later became the competition between the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. In USA history, used to have a third-party movement, but never succeed. The structure of two major political parties take turns in power has been relatively stable.Although the two countries both have a two-party system, there has been many big differences between the two countries. And here are the main differences:First, they are different regimes types. Britain imposed to be constitutional monarchy; the king of England is a hereditary head of state. Judging from the Constitution, the King gets the top power. But in fact British king should obey the arrangements which made by the cabinet.的地位。