Book 8 Unit 4 学习笔记（原创笔记，请同学们在笔记本上抄好笔记，开学检查）必背句型1：1. A man is hiding from the rain l istening to people’s language and watching their reactions. (listeningto…和watching…并列的现在分词作伴随状语。
现在分词在句中作状语时，往往表示一个与谓语动词同时或几乎同时发生的主动行为)类似句型：While watching, he makes notes.他一边观察一边记录。
仿写：He ran out of the house in a hurry, leaving the door unlocked. 他匆忙间跑出房子，没锁门。
2.Now once taught by me, she’d become an upper class lady ...(once taught为省略句，when /while/ until/as/as if/if/once/even if/although/though等从属连词引导状语从句时，如果主从句的主语一致或从句的主语为无意义的it，并且从句谓语动词含有be动词，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。
)类似句型：But, sir, (proudly) once educated to speak properly, that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassador’s garden party.一旦有人教她说话得体，三个月后，她就可以冒充公爵夫人出席大使举办的花园聚会了。
仿写：Unless invited,I won’t go to her birthday party.除非邀请我，否则我不会去她的生日晚会。
3.But they betray themselves every time they open their mouths. (every time引导时间状语从句，类似的名词性引导词有each/(the) next time/the first time/the last time/the moment/ the instant/ the second/the minute…)仿写：Every time you say to yourself you will play with the cellphone just for 10 minutes, you will be certain to find you want to repeat it one more time. 每次你对自己说你只玩十分钟的手机时，你一定会发现你会还想再玩一次。
仿写：The last time you visited our school, you said you were always crazy about Chinese culture.上次你来我们学校的时候，你说过你非常喜欢中国文化。
必背短语1：1.bring … to life使苏醒；使复苏；使清醒；使复活come to life苏醒；清醒2.make notes做笔记；记录→take notes3.shelter from →躲避；免受；抵挡shelter sb from→protect/defend sb from保护某人不受…打击/伤害4.hesitate to do对做某事犹豫不决；犹豫要不要做某事→hesitate about doingdo/does/did/will not hesitate to do毫不犹豫做某事without (any) hesitation毫不犹豫5.hold up举起；阻挡；拦截hold on (to)紧紧抓住；不放弃；别挂电话→hang on (to)6.of any/some use有些用处→useful (of + n. →adj.)of no value (importance/help) 没有价值(不重要/没有帮助的)of little value (importance/help)几乎没有价值(重要性/帮助)of great/much value (importance/help) 非常有价值(重要/有帮助)of various colors颜色各异的of different sizes大小不同的of the same age同龄的of the same height/weight/shape高度/重量/形状相同的7.take sb for 把某人当…8.take down→set down/write down写下；记下9.hands over 交出；移交hand on传递hand out分发；分给hand in上交hand up举手hand down传给(后代)10.be mistaken about …误解…mistake … for…把…错当成…by mistake错误地11.What if要是…又怎样；如果…会怎么样；即使…又如何12.classify sb/sth as…把某人/物划分为…classify … by/according to …根据…来对…进行分类classify …into…把…分成… (常用被动语态be classified into被分成…)13.condemn sb to宣判某人某种刑罚；使某人注定…；be condemned/sentenced to death/10 years in prison被判处死刑/十年有期徒刑14.pass …off as把某人改变或冒充为pass away去世pass by经过；路过；走过pass through通过；穿过；经历pass …on to…把…传递给…15.seek/try one’s fortune碰运气make a fortune发财16.generally speaking一般来说exactly speaking准确来说；确切来说→to be exacthonestly/frankly speaking老实说；说实话→to be honest/frankroughly speaking粗略地说strictly speaking严格来说→to be strict17.in terms of谈及；就…而言；在…方面come to terms with和…达成协议；in the long/short term从长/短期来看18.rob sb of sth抢某人某物steal sth from sb偷某人某物课文词块翻译1：1.in all directions 向/朝四面八方2.betray themselves暴露本来面目；原形毕露3.make one’s acquaintance →make the acquaintance of sb结识某人4. a handful of 一把；少量的；一小部分必背句型2：1.I’d never have come if I’d known about this disgusting thing you want me to do. (此句用了虚拟语气，表示与过去相反的情况。
虚拟条件句中用had done, 主句用would/could/should/might have done)仿写：If you had told me yesterday, I would have helped you. 如果你昨天告诉我，我就可以帮助你了。
必背短语2：1.deep in 专心于；全神贯注于；深陷于deep in work 埋头工作deep in thought陷入沉思2.show sb in领某人进来show sb out 领某人出去show sb around (sp) 带某人参观(某地)show off 炫耀；卖弄show up 出现；露面3.the other day不久前的一天；前两天（与一般过去时搭配）4.take away带走take on承担；呈现；雇用；穿上take up拿起；开始从事；占据take down记下；拿下；拆卸take in吸收；领会；理解；接受；欺骗take off 起飞；脱下；成功5.treat sb like把某人视为treat sb/sth as把…当作treat sb to sth用…招待/款待某人6.have the face to do居然有脸做…；恬不知耻做…be faced with →face 面对；面临promise (with sb)(on sth)→make a compromise(with sb)(on sth) (就某事)(与某人)妥协come to/arrive at / reach a compromise达成妥协8.need to be done→ need doing 需要被做9.disgusting令人厌恶的disgusted厌恶的；厌烦的be disgusted at/with/by对…厌恶/厌烦/反感to one’s disgust让某人厌恶的是；令某人反感的是10.in need of需要in danger of处在…危险中in charge of负责；掌握in favour of支持in honor of为了纪念；为了向…表示敬意in memory of为了怀/纪念11.fade out(声音、画面)逐渐模糊；渐淡fade away逐渐消失；逐渐减弱；褪色课文词块翻译2：1.fancy oneself (as) 自以为是，自命不凡2. a bit of luck 有点幸运简易语法归纳：过去分词作状语一、语法回顾：过去分词作定语、表语和补足语，相当于形容词1. 过去分词的基本功能：表完成或被动2. 作定语、表语和补足语时与现在分词的区别：及物动词的现在分词一般表示主动和进行中，而其过去分词一般既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的现在分词强调主动进行中，而其过去分词只强调完成3. 表示情感和心理活动的动词其-ed形式一般表示“感到…的”；而其-ing多表示“令人……的”4. 作定语时的位置：单个前置(特殊情况除外)；短语后置5. 过去分词用在want，wish，like，expect，order等动词的后面作宾语补足语，其前面一般省略了to be，故一般表示未发生的被动动作二、过去分词作状语：相当于副词(一)逻辑关系与位置1. 过去分词作状语，用于修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，即句子的主语与过去分词为被动关系。