英语八大句子成分句子的主要成分是主语和谓语，次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。

1）主语：常用n./pron./num./to do/doing/从句（主语从句）担任，一般放于句首。

如：Students study.We are friends.20 years is not a short time./ 80,000miles is a long journey.To see is to believe.If buying a bag of candies doesn’t appeal to you, how about buying a tree?What he said impressed me most.★祈使句的主语往往省略。

Hurry up,please.2）谓语：(时态和语态）表示主语的行为或状态，常用vi./vt./系动词或动词词组担任，放主语后。

如：She cried.He left.We will arrive soon.He failed the exam.He gave me a gift.I found the book interesting.She remained young after 10 years.3）宾语：表示动作的对象，常见的有动宾、介宾和形宾。

常由n./pron./num./to do/doing/句子（宾语从句）担任。

①vt+oHe passed the exam. I received a message.②vt+indirect object+direct OI’ll fetch you a chair. He passed the salt to me. I chose a book for me.此类动词有：give, teach, buy, lend, find, hand, leave, sell, show, read, pay, make, offer, build, pass, bring, cook, refuse注：见附录一跟双宾的动词③vt+O+OC★He made the girl laugh.注：见附录二跟宾和宾补的动词注：“动词+副词+宾语”,如果宾语是代词,放中间：Please put the shoes away. /Please put away the shoes. / Please put them away. (请把它们收起来。

)4表语：说明主语性质或状态。

由n./pron./num./adj./adv./to do/doing/done/pp/句子（表语从句）担任。

This table is long.Now leaves turn yellow.She is still she.He is my tutor.The apples on the table are 8.the light is on all the time.The only thing is to wait.The cup is broken.The book is relaxing.The whole class was in completely silence.The house still looks what it used to be 10 years ago.5 定语：描述名词的品质或特征，常用adj./n./pron./num./to do/doing/done/句子（定语从句）担任。

a red sun. Flower shops. Her name. 5 men. Running water. A cat called mimi. The best way to make friends.I would like to ask some personal questions about him,which must be very interesting. 冠词a/物代my/年龄old/形状round/大小big/温度cold色彩red来源Chinese质地材料woolen//用途reading被修饰的名词(中心词)---修饰顺序6 状语:--动词、形容词、副词或句子的修饰语。

常由adv./adj./to do/doing/done/pp/独立主格、句子（状语从句）担任。

The students study hard.The bag is too heavy.After a week’s trip, he returned home,tired but very happy.(说明主语的状态）In order to solve the problem, he came up with a suggestion.When he came back,I had been asleep.Time permitting,he expects to go out to play.多个状语相连时,一般先单词、后短语,先地点、后时间,先小概念、后大概念：He went out of the room at a quarter to 23:00 last night and then disappeared into the dark.7 补语--宾语或主语的补充说明，adj./n./to do/doing/done/pp.Tom was made monitor.Hopefully,the book will help us to know and learn English better.Our country will be made more and more beautiful if we try our best.Call him Jim, please. I tried my best to make him happy. Ask her to come to dinner tomorrow. He let the smaller animals bring food to him.Please put it away.8.同位语--同等重要的修饰语，n/pron/num/pp/to do/doing/句子（同位语从句）We are preparing for the coming of the double ninth festival, a holiday for us to show our respect for the elderly.There is no signs that he was a rich man.Puff, the magic dragon, lived by the sea.练习：分析下面句子成分If you want the rainbow, you have to put up with the rain.不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹。

The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching.成功的秘诀在于从磨练开始，并要坚持不断磨练。

You don’t always want what you need, or need what you want.所需之物未必皆所欲，所欲未必皆所需。

You don’t find opportunities…you make them.你找不到机会。

你得去创造机会。

You probably won’t hear opportunity knock if your television is always on.Time is money.There are only two kinds of music…good and bad.自古音乐分两种，好的和坏的。

When you reach for the stars, you may not quite get one, but you won’t come up with a handful of sand either.你想摘下天上的星星，可能一个也摘不下；但也不会一无所获。

Helping animals is to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。

)It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long journey.Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to.He can’t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel.Something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out.The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.I think to be a children’s doctor is very rewarding.附录一：跟双宾的动词：双宾语易位时需借助介词to（表动作方向）的常用动词award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物（钱）post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听return sb.sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写信(二) 双宾语易位时需借助介词for（动作目标）的常用动词book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb. 为某人画某物fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 为某人留某物sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人唱某物（歌）spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb. 为某人让出某物steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb. 为某人偷某物附录二vt+o+Oc的动词1. vt+O+doingsee, hear, smell, feel, keep, watch, leave, get, catch, imagine, like, start, remember, hate.E.g. I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face.2.Vt+O+donemake, keep, leave, feel, find, have, hear, watch, seeE.g.When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood.3.Vt+O+to doadvice，get, allow, invite, force, oblige, hate, wish, permit, order, bringE.g.He urged me to join their company.E.g.We thought him to be an honest man.4.vt+O+domake, let, have, saw, hear, notice watch, fell, help E.g.We can let this go on.He was made to recite the whole poem.。