新思维综合英语第一册How to talk about a foreign language 如何谈论一门外语How to talk about one’s family 如何谈论家庭How to talk about events in the past如何谈论过去的事情How to talk about how you met someone如何谈论与别人相识的经过Luke Taylor and Maya Winston are talking about their families.1.How does Luke know that Koziol is Polish?__Luke’s wife is Polish,and Luke’s spent some time inPoland. So he should be able to speak a little Polish or at least recognize the Polish sound.2.How did Luke get to know his wife?__She studied in his English class in the States.3. How is Luke’s wife,Stenia’s English now? How did sheachieve that?__She speaks English almost perfectly now.She worked so hard on her English(while she was learning English).4. Where are Maya’s relatives now?What language do Maya’s parents speak at home?___They are all living in the States now.Maya’s parents speak English now because in the dialogue,Maya says that her father used to speak Polish,and her mother forgot allother languages since she learned English. （所以他们家就说英语了。
）What an unusual necklace!是个感叹句，What a …后边一般跟名词性短语。
如：What an interesting story(it is)!这个故事多有趣呀！What a splendid performance! 演出多精彩啊！Stand for代表，表示。
如：What does“K”stand for? K 的意思是什么？PE stands for physical education. PE 表示体育课的意思。
在西方国家里，女孩子长大结婚后一般要改用丈夫的姓氏，Maiden name指女孩结婚前所用的姓。
The States(S大写)，指the United States. 口语中，人们谈起美国时，用得更多的是the States 或America, 来代替the USA.Which language do you speak at home,English or Polish?选择疑问句，疑问词用which，也可以说What language(s)do you speak?如果问话人知道你会讲多种不同外语，会用languages来提问。
Speak讲（一种语言）。
How many languages can he speak? Used to do sth,过去常常做某事。
现在已经没有这习惯了。
I used to smoke a lot. Work hard, 努力工作，认真工作。
Be good at sth.在某方面很擅长，有某方面能力。
She is good at languages. 她有语言天赋。
She still has a very slight accent,but you can hardly tell she’s foreign.她仍然有一点点口音，不过你几乎分辨不出她是外国人了。
Accent口音，腔调，someone with a different accent不同口音的人。
Slight微小的，轻微的。
She’s got a slightheadache.她有点（轻微的）头痛。
Tell区分，辨别。
They look exactly the same –how can you tell which is which?他们看起来一模一样，你怎么能分辨出哪个是哪个呢？动词tell当“区分、辨别”讲时，一般用在tell sb /sth from sb/sth这样的结构中。
如：Can you tell Jane from her twin sister?你能把Jane 和她的双胞胎妹妹分辨开吗？Hardly几乎不，几乎没有。
I’m so tired I can hardly walk any further.我太累了，几乎一步也走不动了。
学习时需要注意这类含有否定意义的副词，在句子中使用时，避免双重否定。
比如，刚才这句话就不能说成 I’m so tired I can not hardly walk any further. (错句)Was either of your parents born in Poland?Yes,they both were.你父母有谁是在波兰出生的吗？是的，他们都是。
Either of…二者之一。
后面常常接两个方面、两件事情或两个人，相关的动词往往用单数。
Either of the two phrases is acceptable.两个短语哪个都可以接受。
Either …or…常常连用，表示“二者之中任选其一”。
H e must be either mad or drunk. 他不是疯了，就是醉了。
H was expecting you (to come)either today or tomorrow.我希望你要么今天要么明天来。
He hasn’t spoken it since my grandparents died.自从我的祖父母去世后他就没再讲过。
注意这句话里的现在完成时和一般过去时结合使用时的典型用法。
表示“自从……（可以是某件事或某个时间点）以来……一直（没）做某事”的时间关系时，一般用since将主从句连接起来，主句一般用现在完成时，since后的从句部分用一般过去时或者用表示时间点的名词（短语）。
如：I haven’t heard from him since he left here last year.自从去年他离开这里我没有收到他的信。
John has been in this country since he was ten.从十岁开始John 就住在这个国家了。
Fluently流利地，指语言或讲话口齿很流利。
Fluent流利的，形容词。
She speaks fluent English. She speaks English fluently.她讲英语很流利。
Unfortunately,不幸地。
Unfortunate不幸的。
说话人为了表示马上要说的内容很不幸，或很遗憾，常常用unfortunately/ unlucky来带出即将要说的话。
如：Unfortunately,he didn’t pass the end-of-term examination. 不幸的是，他没有通过期末考试。
As soon as,一……就……，表示两件事情紧接着连续发生，既可以用于谈论未来的事情也可以用于谈论过去。
如：As soon as we get the tickets we’ll send them to you.我们一拿到票就给你送过来。
As soon as she got out of bed the telephone stopped ringing. 她一下床电话铃就断了。
Laura and Chuck are having something to eat after seeing a movie. They talk about Chuck’s job interview.1.Where do you think the dialogue takes place?__Most probably in a restaurant.2.Why was Chuck’s mind somewhere else?__He was thinking about the interview.3.Why was Chuck anxious?___he was anxious to know the interview result,and of course he wanted to get the job.You were thinking about the interview again,weren’t you? Think about, 考虑，思考。
We have to think about whether we should buy the car.我们得认真考虑一下买不买车。
I’m thinking about the plan for our tour.我在考虑我们的旅行计划。
这句话里的Weren’t you？是个附加疑问句。
在这样的句子里，一般来说，前面需要有个陈述句。
如果陈述句用肯定句，附加疑问句就用否定式疑问句。
如果陈述句用否定句，附加疑问句就用肯定式疑问句。
如：You’ve been to the Great Wall, haven’t you?He’s not going to the party, is he?但是，有时也有例外。
如：She telephoned her brother, did she? （用来表示惊讶、确认等。
）使用附加疑问句时，不仅要注意前后肯定与否定的关系，还要注意助动词和时态的一致性问题。
比如，如果前边的句子用现在完成时，摘自中央电大资源6附加疑问句就需要用have或haven’t；如果前边的句子用带有will 的一般将来时，附加疑问句就需要用will 或won’t等等。
Get sth out of one’s mind 摆脱思想中的困扰。
如：He was terribly lost in that experience for quite some time,and finally he got it out of his mind when he moved to a new place.他很长时间一直沉浸在那次可怕的经历中不能自拔，直到后来搬到一个新地方后才得以摆脱出来。