巧用英语时态表,掌握英语谓语形式一、英语时态名称的记忆二、英语时态形式的记忆:(以动词work为例)可以分两个步骤记忆:1、一般现在时: work(当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式。
)现在进行时: be + working (be随主语人称和数的变化而变化。
)现在完成时: have + worked (have随主语人称和数的变化而变化,worked 是work的过去分词。
)这三种基本时态形式位于时态表的中心位置,是必须首先记住的。
其它形式可推导而出。
2、记住了上面三种时态的形式后,可以设想把时间提前至过去,这三种时态的形式就相应地左移一格成为一般过去时:worked (worked是work的过去式);过去进行时was / were + working;过去完成时had + worked (worked是work 的过去分词)。
把时间错后至将来,这三种时态的形式也就相应地右移一格成为一般将来时: shall / will + work;将来进行时: shall / will + be working;将来完成时: shall / will + have worked。
(shall仅用于主语是第一人称时,will可用于主语是任何人称时。
)当然,根据shall / will 的用法要求,紧随其后的动词或助动词要用原形形式。
简而言之,把这三种现在时态形式左移变成三种过去时态形式,只需把第一个动词变成过去式即可(一般现在时谓语只有一个动词,也可把它看成为第一个动词)。
与此类似,过去将来时的变化是在一般将来时的基础上把第一个动词变成过去式。
把这三种现在时态形式右移变成三种将来时态形式,只需在前面加一助动词shall / will (紧随其后的动词或助动词用原形形式)即可。
三、英语被动语态形式的记忆(以动词ask为例)英语动词的被动语态是由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成。
助动词be同系动词be一样有人称、数和时态的变化。
英语动词在既有被动语态变化又有时态变化时,一定要先变被动语态再变时态,它的时态变化就是将助动词be再作各种时态形式的变化。
主张先理解记忆现在的三种被动语态的时态形式,再以同样方法推导出被动语态其它的时态形式。
四、结合英语时态表掌握句子的否定式、一般疑问式的变化规律句子的否定式、一般疑问式也是每册初中教材学习时态时的必讲内容。
而实际上这个问题非常简单,完全可以结合英语时态表中谓语的特征来完成。
注:1、There be ...句型和以be为系动词的主系表句型,适用于第二种谓语特征的变化方式。
2、谓语是情态动词(have to的疑问式例外) + 动词原形,也适用于第二种谓语特征的变化方式。
3、为便于记忆,不妨称此法为谓语特征分析法。
五、谓语特征分析法在特殊疑问句、反意疑问句中的运用由于特殊疑问句的句子结构是特殊疑问词或词组 + 一般疑问句语序,故除对主语提问的特殊疑问句外,都可按一般疑问句变化规律用谓语特征分析法快速确定谓语形式。
反意疑问句是由陈述句 + 反问部分构成。
反意疑问句的反问部分虽说情况比较复杂,但仅就基础内容而言,情况还是较为简单,要求也较低。
故基础内容中反意疑问句的反问部分基本上仍可用谓语特征分析法快速确定反问部分中该用的动词,那就是:前面的陈述句如果变成一般疑问句是用什么动词开头,后面的反问部分就用什么动词反问。
六、一般疑问句和反意疑问句的简略回答用谓语特征分析法掌握了一般疑问句和反意疑问句中谓语的构成方法后,它们的简略回答就更容易了。
那就是用什么词开头的一般疑问句就用什么词来回答(或同属be系列的单词:am, is, are, was, were)。
反意疑问句的反问部分用什么词开头,也就用什么词来回答(或同属be系列的单词)。
例如:1. -Are you a worker?-Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.2. -Does he like Chinese tea?-Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.3. -Have you finished the novel?-Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.4. -He is a bus driver, isn't he?-Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.5. -Tom came to school late this morning, didn't he?-Yes, he did. / No, he didn't.6. -Lily hasn't lost her watch, has she?-Yes, she has. / No, she hasn't.用情态动词(can, may, must)开头的一般疑问句,在作否定回答时选择合适的情态动词较为困难。
我们可以用右栏图示轻松地记忆掌握。
先按下列单词及它们的否定式的第一、第二个字母在字母表中的顺序排列,再加上谁回答谁的替换符号便容易记忆了。
(注意must代替may, need代替must, 这种后代前的关系以及can除了可回答自己外,还可回过去来回答may的特点。
)1. -Can you drive a truck?-No, I can't.2. -May I go now?-No, you can't. / No, you mustn't.3. -Must you go so soon?-No, I needn't.4. -Need we buy any new desks?-No, we needn't. (Yes, we must.)注意:肯定回答必须用must。
七、谓语特征分析法在其它句型中的运用研究下面几组对话,不难发现:答语中谓语动词的选用也是和如将其上句变成一般疑问句后句首第一个单词相一致的(或同属be, do, have系的单词)。
1. -It's warmer today.-So it is.2. -John bought a new bike.-So he did.3. -I like walking in the open air.-So do I.4. -He works hard.-So he does, and so do you.5. -Lucy has been to England twice.-So she has.6. -Lucy can ride a bike at the age of four.-So she can.十六种时态的谓语形势八种时态介绍:一一般现在时态:表示现在经常发生或习惯性的动作。
时间状语:every …,sometimes, always, never, often, usually等。
1 由be的is am are表示,之后接名词,形容词或介词。
陈述句:I am an office worker.He is so lazy. They are at home now.否定句:I am not Tim. She is not very beauiful. They are not in the office.一般疑问句:Are you an office assistant? Is she beautiful?特殊疑问句:What is your job? What colour is your bag?Where are you now?2 由实意动词V构成,引导疑问句和否定句,用do或don’t。
第三人称时用does 或doesn’t,有does出现动词用原形;第三人称陈述句V后加s或es.陈述句:I work in Shanghai. He works at home.Davy never watches TV a t home.否定句: I don’t like the food in KFC. Davy doesn’t like the f ood in KFC either.一般疑问句: Do you want a cup of coffee? Does she live near the su bway station?特殊疑问句:What do you want? Where does she live? How do they go to w ork?3由情态动词can, must, may构成。
may没有否定形式。
陈述句: I can drive a car. He must tell the truth. We may get there on foot.否定句:I can’t swim at all. You mustn’t(表示禁止)smoke in the office.一般疑问句: Can you wait a minute? Must I stay at home? May I use your phone?特殊疑问句:How can I get there? What must I do now?二一般过去时态。
在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago,the day before yesterday,in 1997。
1由be的过去式是was或were表示。
Is\ am---was;are---were.陈述句:I was a big boss.He was beautiful. We were in Beijing last year.否定句: I was not at home at that moment. We were not at work yesterday.一般疑问句: Were you a teacher? Was she in the office last week?特殊疑问句:Where were you last night? When were you in that company?2 由V的过去式构成陈述句,疑问句和否定句用借助于did,有did出现动词用原形。
陈述句:I worked in Sunmoon.We studied English there. He lived in Hon gKong.否定句: I didn’t work here. They didn’t see me. She liked Engl ish a lot.一般疑问句: Did you go to America? Did he work in Sunmoon?特殊疑问句:Where did you work? What did he say to you? How did you kn ow my name?3由情态动词的过去式构成,can—could.She could walk when she was one year old. I could not speak English one year ago.三一般将来时态:即将发生动作或状态。